Pendidikan dan latihan vokasional di institusi pemulihan juvana: peningkatan peluang kerjaya dan pengurangan residivisme dalam kalangan pesalah muda
List of Authors
  • Mohd Amry Minggo , Nazirah Hassan

Keyword
  • Pesalah juvana, institusi pemulihan, latihan vokasional, rehabilitasi, pengulangan jenayah, sistem keadilan juvana

Abstract
  • Pendidikan dan latihan vokasional adalah komponen penting pemulihan jangka panjang dari tingkah laku jenayah dalam kalangan remaja. Di institusi pemulihan juvana, remaja diberi peluang untuk mempelajari ilmu pengetahuan dalam latihan vokasional sebagai persediaan peluang pekerjaan apabila mereka kembali kepada komuniti. Integrasi dengan komuniti menerusi pekerjaan mengekalkan perubahan positif remaja, justeru mengurangkan risiko residivisme atau pengulangan tingkah laku jenayah. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka manfaat pendidikan dan latihan vokasional terhadap peningkatan peluang kerjaya dan pengurangan risiko pengulangan tingkah laku jenayah dalam kalangan remaja di dua buah institusi pemulihan juvana di Semenanjung Malaysia. Temu bual mendalam telah dijalankan keatas 16 remaja juvana yang terdiri daripada lapan orang lelaki dan lapan orang perempuan berusia diantara 15 hingga 17 tahun. Hasil dapatan kajian mengenal pasti tiga faedah utama pendidikan kemahiran vokasional kepada remaja juvana, iaitu motivasi menjalani pemulihan di institusi, memberi makna, tujuan dan harapan dalam hidup, dan persediaan dan perancangan selepas bebas. Faedah ini diyakini memberi kesan kepada peningkatan peluang kerjaya dan penyepaduan dalam komuniti, dan kedua-dua kesan ini menyumbang kepada pengurangan risiko pengulangan tingkah laku jenayah. Kajian mencadangkan pengukuhan kemahiran atau latihan bersijil bagi meningkatkan kebolehpasaran dan keupayaan remaja untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan apabila dibebaskan kelak. Kerjasama kukuh antara institusi pemulihan dan industri yang menawarkan program latihan kecekapan perlu dipertingkatkan. Kajian turut memberi implikasi kepada penambahbaikan dasar dan program pendidikan vokasional di institusi pemulihan, sekaligus memperkasa hak remaja dalam sistem keadilan juvana.

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