Staff perception on job characteristics, motivation, organizational commitment and productivity
List of Authors
  • Aisyah Qistina Azhar , Shariffuddin, S.A.

Keyword
  • Job characteristics, motivation, organizational commitment, productivity, staff perception

Abstract
  • Job characteristics, motivation, organizational commitment, and productivity are the mediating factors for an employee’s performance and a successful organization. Hence, the present study aims to observe employees’ perception pertaining to their job characteristics, motivation commitment and productivity, while working at a private higher education provider in the East Coast of Malaysia. The study employs a quantitative approach via survey questionnaire on 160 respondents. The results reveal that most of the respondents understood about their characteristics, motivation, organizational commitment, and productivity. Their perception on the factors provides valuable insight to employers in providing appropriate organizational supports and better working environment. They are substantial in elevating better performance and promote business profitability.

Reference
  • 1. Afif, M., Mariyanti, T., Septiani, N., & Dolan, E. (2023). Factor affecting employee motivation to increase performance of Sharia bank in Indonesia on Islamic perspective. APTISI Transactions on Management (ATM), 7(2), 131-142.

    2. Amin, M.S. (2022), Organizational Commitment, Competence on Job Satisfaction and Lecturer Productivity: Social Learning Theory Approach. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 40-56.

    3. Asefa, K., & Kant, S. (2022). Transactional Academic Leadership Effect on Employee’s Engagement: the Mediating Impact of Extrinsic Motivation. Partners Universal International Research Journal, 1(4), 54-62.

    4. Chen, Y., & Tjosvold, D. (2008). Collectivist values for productive teamwork between Korean and Chinese employees. (CAPS Working Paper Series No.192). Retrieved from Lingnan University website: http://commons.ln.edu.hk/capswp/3

    5. Chen, X., Al Mamun, A., Hoque, M. E., Hussain, W. M. H. W., & Yang, Q. (2023). Work design, employee well-being, and retention intention: A case study of China's young workforce. Heliyon, 9(5).

    6. Chang, L. (1994). A psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity. Applied psychological measurement, 18(3), 205-215.

    7. Chung, S. Y., Roberts, K., Swanson, I., & Hankinson, A. (2017). Evidence‐based survey design: The use of a midpoint on the Likert scale. Performance Improvement, 56(10), 15-23.

    8. Fan, W., & Moen, P. (2023). Ongoing Remote Work, Returning to Working at Work, or in between during COVID-19: What Promotes Subjective Well-being?. Journal of health and social behavior, 64(1), 152-171.

    9. Garland, R. (1991). The mid-point on a rating scale: Is it desirable. Marketing bulletin, 2(1), 66-70.

    10. Gosnell, G. K., List, J. A., & Metcalfe, R. D. (2020). The impact of management practices on employee productivity: A field experiment with airline captains. Journal of Political Economy, 128(4), 1195-1233.

    11. Hackman J.R. & Oldham G.R. (1980). Work Redesign. Philippines : Addison- Wesley.

    12. Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.), New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

    13. Han, S. H., Sung, M., & Suh, B. (2021). Linking meaningfulness to work outcomes through job characteristics and work engagement. Human Resource Development International, 24(1), 3-22.

    14. Haryono, S., & Sulistyo, B. A. (2020). Effects of work motivation and leadership toward work satisfaction and employee performance: Evidence from Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(6), 387-397.

    15. Johari, J., Razali, N., Zainun, N. F. H., & Adnan, Z. (2022). Job characteristics and work engagement: the moderating role of emotional intelligence. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 34(4), 687-716.

    16. Karoso, S., Riinawati, R., Ilham, R. N., Rais, R. G. P., & Latifa, D. (2022). Analyzing the Relationship of Work Environment and Quality of Work Life on Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Madani Society, 1(3), 167-173.

    17. Kulas, J. T., & Stachowski, A. A. (2009). Middle category endorsement in odd-numbered Likert response scales: Associated item characteristics, cognitive demands, and preferred meanings. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 489-493.

    18. Kulikowski, K., Przytuła, S., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2021). The motivation of academics in remote teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic in polish universities—Opening the debate on a new equilibrium in e-learning. Sustainability, 13(5), 2752.

    19. Loan, L. J. M. S. L. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on employees’ job performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Management Science Letters, 10(14), 3307-3312.

    20. Maheshwari, S., & Vohra, V. (2015). Identifying critical HR practices impacting employee perception and commitment during organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(5), 872-894.

    21. Mindell, D. A., & Reynolds, E. (2023). The work of the future: building better jobs in an age of intelligent machines. MIT Press.

    22. Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of vocational behavior, 14(2), 224-247.

    23. Okechukwu, O. V. (2021). A Study of Stress Management and Employee Productivity in Nigerian Service Organizations. Contemporary Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 1 (1), 54-67.

    24. Nikmanesh, M., Feili, A., & Sorooshian, S. (2023). Employee Productivity Assessment Using Fuzzy Inference System. Information, 14(7), 423.

    25. Omar, E. N., Rochin Demong, N. A., Abu Hassan, L. F., Hassan, N., & Alwi, A. (2022). The mediating roles of critical psychological factors towards the relationship between job characteristics and job outcomes: A conceptual framework. Voice of Academia (VOA), 18(1), 158-168.

    26. Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of motivation, leadership, and organizational culture on satisfaction and employee performance. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577-588.

    27. Pinder CC. 1998. Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    28. Prasetyo, D. W., & Uddin, I. A. The Role Of Individual Characteristics And Labor Characteristics Toward Work Productivity.

    29. Raihan, T. (2020). Role of Job Characteristics Model on Employee Job Satisfaction-An Empirical Study. ResearchGate. Role of Job Characteristics Model on Employee Job Satisfaction-An Empirical Study.

    30. Raut, P. K., Das, J. R., Gochhayat, J., & Das, K. P. (2022). Influence of workforce agility on crisis management: Role of job characteristics and higher administrative support in public administration. Materials Today: Proceedings, 61, 647-652.

    31. Ridwan, M., Mulyani, S. R., & Ali, H. (2020). Improving employee performance through perceived organizational support, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(12).

    32. Saavedra, R., & Kwun, S. K. (2000). Affective states in job characteristics theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 21(2), 131-146.

    33. Sandi, H., Yunita, N. A., Heikal, M., Ilham, R. N., & Sinta, I. (2021). Relationship Between Budget Participation, Job Characteristics, Emotional Intelligence and Work Motivation As Mediator Variables to Strengthening User Power Performance: An Emperical Evidence From Indonesia Government. Morfai Journal, 1(1), 36-48.

    34. Saputra, F., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2022). Effect of job satisfaction, employee loyalty and employee commitment on leadership style (human resource literature study). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 762-772.

    35. Senen, S. H., Masharyono, M., & Edisa, N. (2020, February). The Effect of Job Characteristics to Employee’s Performance: A Case Study on Employees at Interior Industry. In 3rd Global Conference on Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship (GCBME 2018) (pp. 227-232). Atlantis Press.

    36. Silva, P., Moreira, A. C., & Mota, J. (2023). Employees' perception of corporate social responsibility and performance: the mediating roles of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust. Journal of Strategy and Management, 16(1), 92-111.

    37. Singh, P. (2013). Increasing productivity with motivation in the workplace. National Monthly Refereed Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, 2(6), 27-32.

    38. Steyrer, J., Schiffinger, M., & Lang, R. (2008). Organizational commitment between leadership behavior and organizational performance?. Scandinavian Journal of management, 24(4), 364-374.

    39. Steindel, C., & Stiroh, K. J. (2001). Productivity: What is it, and why do we care about it?. FRB of New York Staff Report, (122).

    40. Stogdill, R. M. (1972). Group productivity, drive, and cohesiveness. Organizational behavior and human performance, 8(1), 26-43.

    41. Suárez-Albanchez, J., Gutierrez-Broncano, S., Jimenez-Estevez, P., & Blazquez-Resino, J. J. (2022). Organizational support and turnover intention in the Spanish IT consultancy sector: Role of organizational commitment. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2051790.

    42. Sugiarti, E. (2022). The Influence of Training, Work Environment and Career Development on Work Motivation That Has an Impact on Employee Performance at PT. Suryamas Elsindo Primatama In West Jakarta. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1).

    43. Sutrisno, S., & Sunarsi, D. (2019). The Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee Productivity at PT. Anugerah Agung in Jakarta. Jurnal Ad'ministrare, 6(2), 187-196.

    44. Syverson, C. (2011). What determines productivity?. Journal of Economic literature, 49(2), 326-365.

    45. To, W. M., & Huang, G. (2022). Effects of equity, perceived organizational support and job satisfaction on organizational commitment in Macao's gaming industry. Management Decision, 60(9), 2433-2454.

    46. Tzenios, N. (2019). The Impact of Health Literacy on Employee Productivity: An Empirical Investigation. Empirical Quests for Management Essences, 3(1), 21-33.

    47. Vo, T. T. D., Tuliao, K. V., & Chen, C. W. (2022). Work motivation: The roles of individual needs and social conditions. Behavioral Sciences, 12(2), 49.

    48. Vuong, B. N., Tushar, H., & Hossain, S. F. A. (2023). The effect of social support on job performance through organizational commitment and innovative work behavior: does innovative climate matter?. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 15(5), 832-854.

    49. Zahed-Babelan, A., Koulaei, G., Moeinikia, M., & Sharif, A. R. (2019). Instructional leadership effects on teachers’ work engagement: Roles of school culture, empowerment, and job characteristics. CEPS Journal, 9(3), 137-156.