Isu dan cabaran sektor huluan dan hiliran industri sawit
List of Authors
  • Afaf Hilyati Che Hassan Pahmi , Azi Azira Rahmi , Emylia Shakira Jamean , Er, Ah Choy

Keyword
  • Sektor huluan, hiliran, kelapa sawit, isu dan cabaran

Abstract
  • Perkembangan industri kelapa sawit di Malaysia bermula pada tahun 1917 dengan pembukaan ladang sawit pertama di Tennamaran, Selangor. Seterusnya, pada awal dekad 1960-an, pembukaan ladang sawit meningkat dengan mendadak apabila FELDA membuka tanah rancangan secara besar-besaran selaras dengan dasar kerajaan pada masa tersebut untuk membasmi kemiskinan di kalangan penduduk luar bandar. Pada masa kini, kelapa sawit telah menjadi antara tanaman komoditi yang terpenting Malaysia. Rantaian nilai industri kelapa sawit terbahagi kepada tiga segmen iaitu sektor huluan, pertengahan dan hiliran. Sektor huluan terdiri daripada aktiviti penyediaan anak pokok, penanaman dan penuaian Buah Tandan Segar. Peringkat pertengahan pula adalah pengilangan yang melibatkan pemprosesan dan penapisan BTS daripada ladang atau yang diterima daripada pekebun kecil bagi menghasilkan minyak sawit mentah. Akhirnya, minyak sawit mentah akan diproses selanjutnya di peringkat hiliran bagi tujuan simpanan dan pasaran sama ada domestik atau eksport dan akhirnya sampai ke pengguna yang lazimnya adalah produk makanan. Walaupun pelbagai kejayaan yang dicapai oleh sektor sawit negara sepanjang 100 tahun industri tersebut bertapak di Malaysia, terdapat pelbagai isu dan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh industri sawit negara. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk (i) mengenal pasti isu dan cabaran utama sektor huluan, pertengahan dan hiliran kelapa sawit dan (ii) apakah usaha-usaha dan cadangan penambahbaikan yang telah dijalankan bagi mengatasi isu dan cabaran ini. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menyelidik isu dan cabaran sektor huluan, pertengahan dan hiliran industri kelapa sawit melalui temu bual sebagai instrumen kajian utama dan analisis dokumen sebagai sokongan. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa antara isu utama industri sawit negara adalah kekurangan tenaga buruh, kelestarian alam sekitar perladangan dan pengilangan sawit, persepsi negatif terhadap minyak sawit daripada masyarakat antarabangsa dan halangan perdagangan. Isu dan cabaran ini perlu diatasi dengan berkesan antaranya hubungan diplomatik serta peningkatan kepercayaan konsumer terhadap produk sawit yang memerlukan pendekatan yang strategik.

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