Sustainability has become a strategic priority for HEIs (higher education institutions) worldwide, with growing efforts to integrate environmental, social, economic, and governance dimensions into institutional operations and academic missions. Yet, considerable variation remains in how sustainability is measured and reported across HEIs. This scoping review maps and synthesizes major sustainability measurement frameworks and identifies trends, challenges, and implementation gaps. These frameworks include STARS (Sustainability Tracking, Assessment & Rating System), UI GreenMetric (UI GreenMetric World University Ranking), GASU (Graphical Assessment of Sustainability in Universities), SAQ (Sustainability Assessment Questionnaire), and ISO 14001. Guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) protocols, peer-reviewed studies from 2014 to 2024 were systematically reviewed. The findings reveal that while some tools offer multidimensional metrics, most lack contextual adaptability, standardization, and sufficient coverage of social and educational outcomes. A conceptual framework is proposed to support the integration of sustainability assessments into institutional planning and policy. The study provides practical insights for policymakers, administrators, and researchers working toward more holistic and context-sensitive sustainability measurement in higher education.