Informasi Covid-19 sebagai barang awam: analisis Nvivo
List of Authors
  • Fitrah Mohamed , Norain Mod Asri

Keyword
  • Kerajaan, Covid-19, analisis Nvivo, barang awam, media sosial

Abstract
  • Maklumat Covid-19 yang disalurkan melalui pelbagai media bukan sahaja merupakan satu keperluan bagi masyarakat untuk sentiasa melindungi diri, tetapi juga ia menjadi penentu kepada pergerakan individu atau aktiviti yang ingin dilakukan setiap hari. Justeru, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti bagaimana maklumat Covid-19 yang disalurkan oleh agensi kerajaan mampu bertindak sebagai barang awam untuk digunakan oleh semua masyarakat tanpa persaingan dan tanpa pengecualian. Menerusi analisis Nvivo terhadap temubual dengan penduduk di Lembah Klang, dua dapatan utama diperolehi. Pertama, dapatan temubual menunjukkan media sosial dan televisyen lebih kerap digunakan informan untuk mendapatkan maklumat Covid-19 daripada agensi kerajaan berkaitan. Kedua, maklumat harian Covid-19 yang disebarkan oleh agensi kerajaan berkaitan berjaya menggalakkan masyarakat untuk mematuhi SOP serta cenderung membuat pembelian dan pembayaran secara dalam talian.

Reference
  • 1. Abd-alrazaq, A., Alhuwail, D., Househ, M., Hamdi, M. & Shah, Z. (2020). Top Concerns of Tweeters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infoveillance Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22 (4), 1–27. doi:10.2196/19016.
    2. Anomaly, J. (2015). Public goods and government action. Politics, Philosophy and Economics, 14(2), 109–128. doi:10.1177/1470594X13505414.
    3. Addair, K. (2015). (PDF) Open Access: The Importance of Open Information (January). doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.5098.6324.
    4. Arora, P. & Chong, A. (2018). Government effectiveness in the provision of public goods: the role of institutional quality. Journal of Applied Economics, 21(1), 175–196. doi:10.1080/15140326.2018.1550593.
    5. Azlan, A. A., Hamzah, M. R., Sern, T. J., Ayub, S. H. & Mohamad, E. (2020). Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1–15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233668.
    6. Al-Zaman, M. S. (2020). COVID-19-Related Fake News in Social Media. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–12. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3644107.
    7. Allington, D., Duffy, B., Wessely, S., Dhavan, N. & Rubin, J. (2020). Health-protective behaviour, social media usage, and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Psychological Medicine, 0–6. doi:10.1017/S003329172000224X.
    8. Andersson, T. 2015. Liking and commenting on Facebook–what are the reasons?. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1054591/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
    9. Bolarinwa, O. A., Olagunju, O. S. & Babalola, T. (2020). Adherence to COVID-19 pandemic prescribed recommendations, source of information and lockdown psychological impact of Nigeria social media users. medRxiv 2020.09.09.20188482. doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.20188482.
    10. Bento, A. I., Nguyen, T., Wing, C., Lozano-Rojas, F., Ahn, Y. Y. & Simon, K. (2020). Evidence from internet search data shows information-seeking responses to news of local COVID-19 cases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(21), 11220–11222. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005335117.
    11. Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods (3rd ed). New York: Oxford University Press.
    12. Carande-Kulis, V. G., Getzen, T. E. & Thacker, S. B. (2007). Public goods and externalities: A research agenda for public health economics. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 13(2), 227–232. doi:10.1097/00124784-200703000-00024.
    13. Chundakkadan, R. & Ravindran, R. (2020). Information flow and COVID-19 recovery. World Development 136(July): 105112. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105112.
    14. Denscombe, M. (2010). 2010. The Good Research Guide for Small Scale Research Projects (4th ed.). Buckingham: Open Univer-sity Press. 99–117.
    15. Duraisamy, B., Rathinaswamy, J. & Sengottaiyan, K. (2020). Social Media Reigned by Information or Misinformation about COVID-19: A Phenomenological Study (May). doi:10.2139/ssrn.3596058.
    16. Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A. & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3): 1–2. doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa031.
    17. Frank van Steenbergen & Tuinhof, A. (2009). Associations Between Media Exposure and Mental Distress Among U.S. Adults at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952. (January).
    18. Fister, B. (2012). Open Access and the Future of Academic Scholarship. 2Library Issues: Briefings for Faculty and Administrators 32(5): 1–4. Retrieved from http://www.libraryissues.com/sub/PDF3205May201292740.pdf.
    19. González-Padilla, D. A. & Tortolero-Blanco, L. (2020). Social media influence in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Braz J Urol 46(Suppl 1): 120–124. doi:10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S121.
    20. Hu, Y., Huang, H., Chen, A. & Mao, X.-L. (2020). Weibo-COV: A Large-Scale COVID-19 Social Media Dataset from Weibo. doi:10.18653/v1/2020.nlpcovid19-2.34.
    21. Hu, D., Lou, X., Xu, Z., Meng, N., Xie, Q., Zhang, M., Zou, Y., et al. (2020). More effective strategies are required to strengthen public awareness of COVID-19: Evidence from google trends. Journal of Global Health, 10(1). doi:10.7189/jogh.10.011003.
    22. Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. doi:10.31235/osf.io/thda9.
    23. Jayasinghe, R., Ranasinghe, S., Jayarajah, U. & Seneviratne, S. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’s public news and information (January).
    24. Kaya, T. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’s public news and information (January).
    25. Karasneh, R., Al-azzam, S., Mu, S., Soudah, O. & Hawamdeh, S. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’s public news and information (January).
    26. Khalid, A., Ali, S. & Qamar, A. (2020). Media Advertising and Attitudinal Changes during COVID-19.
    27. Kim, H. K., Ahn, J., Atkinson, L. & Kahlor, L. A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 Misinformation on Information Seeking, Avoidance, and Processing: A Multicountry Comparative Study. Science Communication. doi:10.1177/1075547020959670
    28. Laato, S., Islam, A. K. M. N., Islam, M. N. & Whelan, E. (2020). Why do People Share Misinformation during the COVID-19 Pandemic? 1–20. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09600
    29. Luk, T. T., Zhao, S., Weng, X., Wong, J. Y.-H., Wu, Y. S., Ho, S. Y., Lam, T. H., et al. (2020). Exposure to health misinformation about COVID-19 and increased tobacco and alcohol use: a population-based survey in Hong Kong. Tobacco Control tobaccocontrol-2020-055960. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055960
    30. Ma, X., Vervoort, D. & Luc, J. G. Y. (2020). When misinformation goes viral: access to evidence-based information in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Global Health Science, 2(1). doi:10.35500/jghs.2020.2.e13
    31. McFadden, S. A. M., Malik, A. A., Aguolu, O. G., Willebrand, K. S. & Omer, S. B. (2020). Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. PLoS ONE 15(4): 1–6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231808
    32. Mejia, C. R., Ticona, D., Rodriguez-Alarcon, J. F., Campos-Urbina, A. M., Catay-Medina, J. B., Porta-Quinto, T., Garayar-Peceros, H., et al. (2020). The media and their informative role in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Validation of fear perception and magnitude of the issue (MED-COVID-19). Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6). doi:10.29333/ejgm/7946
    33. Nemes, L. & Kiss, A. (2021). Social media sentiment analysis based on. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 5(1): 1–15. doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1790793
    34. Punt, E. M., Blassnigg, M. & Drayson, H. (2011). Leonardo Reviews 44(1): 269–280.
    35. Suter, W. 2014. Qualitative Data, Analysis, and Design. Introduction to Educational Research: A Critical Thinking Approach, 342–386. doi:10.4135/9781483384443.n12
    36. St, Joseph E. Stiglitz. (2000). Economics of the Public Sector (3rd ed)
    37. Shah, A. U. M., Safri, S. N. A., Thevadas, R., Noordin, N. K., Rahman, A. A., Sekawi, Z., Ideris, A., et al. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 108–116. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.093
    38. The, I., Emergency, P. H. & Concern, I. (2020). Mis-Information Blends on Facebook during Infodemic COVID-19 in Bangladesh. Ajmmc 1–17
    39. Taylor, S. dan R. B. 1984. Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: The Search for Meanings. Second Edition.
    40. Vall-Roqué, H., Andrés, A. & Saldaña, C. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescent and young women. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 110: 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110293
    41. Vraga, E. K. & Bode, L. (2020). Defining Misinformation and Understanding its Bounded Nature : Using Expertise and Evidence for Describing Misinformation. Political Communication 0(0): 1–9. doi:10.1080/10584609.2020.1716500
    42. Yusof, A. N. M., Muuti, M. Z., Ariffin, L. A. & Tan, M. K. M. (2020). Sharing Information on COVID-19: the ethical challenges in the Malaysian setting. Asian Bioethics Review 12(3): 349–361. doi:10.1007/s41649-020-00132-4
    43. Zamawe, F. C. (2015). The implication of using NVivo software in qualitative data analysis: Evidence-based reflections. Malawi Medical Journal, 27(1): 13–15. doi:10.4314/mmj.v27i1.4
    44. Zhong, Y., Liu, W., Lee, T.-Y., Zhao, H. & Ji, J. (2020). Risk perception, knowledge, information sources and emotional states among COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Nursing Outlook 0: 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.005
    45. Zarocostas, J. (2020). How to fight an infodemic. Lancet (London, England) 395(10225): 676. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X