1. Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: towards a conceptual understanding. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Luxembourg.
2. Baboo, S. B., Pandian, A., Prasad, N. V. & Rao, A. (2013). Young people and new media in Malaysia: An analysis of social uses and practices in researchers world. Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce, 5(2), 30-37.
3. Baruah, T. D. (2012). Effectiveness of social media as a tool of communication and its potential for technology enabled connections: A micro-level study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(5), 1-10.
4. Bulger, M. E. (2012). Measuring media literacy in a national context: Challenges of definition, method and implementation. Media Studies, 3(6), 83-103.
5. Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe. Report EUR 26035 EN. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies.
6. Hobbs, R. (2010). Digital and media literacy: A plan of action. White Paper submitted to The Aspen Institute and the John, S. and James, L. Knight Foundation.
7. Hoechsmann, M., & DeWaard, H. (2015). Mapping digital literacy policy and practice in the Canadian education landscape. [Online]. Retrieved from: http://mediasmarts.ca/sites/mediasmarts/files/publication-report/full/mapping-digital-literacy.pdf
8. Juhari, S. F., & Mat Zin, N. A. (2013). Educating children about Internet safety through digital game based learning. International Journal of Interactive Digital Media, 1(1), ISSN 2289-4101. http://ijidm.org/wp-content/uploads/2013-1-1-10-sarah.pdf .
9. Livingstone, S. (2011). Media literacy: Ambitions, policies and measures. COST. Retrieved from: http://www.cost-transforming-audiences.eu/system/files/cost_media_literacy_report.pdf.
10. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2017). Communications and Multimedia Blueprint (CMB) 2018-2025. Retrieved from: https://www.kkmm.gov.my/images/171211_kkmm_blueprint2018_2025.pdf
11. Miller, C., & Barlett, J. (2012). Digital fluency: Towards young people's critical use of the Internet. Journal of Information Literacy, 6(2), 35-55.
12. Ministry of Education. (2013). Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Retrieved from: https://www.moe.gov.my/menumedia/media-cetak/penerbitan/dasar/1207-malaysia-education-blueprint-2013-2025/file
13. Mohamed, S., Wok, S., Nasir, N. S. M., & Ghazali, W. N. W. M. (2021) Poverty And Digital Literacy: A Study On Children Living At The Pusat Perumahan Rakyat (PPR). International Journal for Studies on Children, Women, Elderly and Disabled, 13, 28-33
14. Mustaffa, N., Ibrahim, F., Wan Mahmud, W. A., Ahmad, F., Mahbob, M. H., & Chang, P. K. (2011). Diffusion of innovations: The adoption of Facebook among youth in Malaysia. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 16(3), 1-15.
15. Ofcom. (2009). Audit of learning related media literacy policy development. Retrieved from: http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/media-literacy/Education_Policy_Audit_for_1.pdf
16. Rashid, M. S. A., Mohamed, S., & Azman, T. A. T. M. (2017). Predicting the intention to cyberbullying and cyberbullying behaviour among the undergraduate students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(5), 257-270.
17. Sefton-Green, J., Marsh, J., Erstad, O., & Flewitt, R. (2016). Establishing a research agenda for the digital literacy practices of young children. A White Paper for COST Action IS1410. Retrieved from: http://digilitey.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/DigiLitEYWP.pdf
18. UNESCO. (2019). Digital Kids Asia-Pacific. Retrieved from: https://dkap.org/get-involved/
19. UNICEF. (2017). Children in a digital world: State of the World's Children. Available at: https://www.unicef.org/publication s/files/SOWC_2017_ENG_WEB.pdf
20. Van Deursen, A. J. A. M., & Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2014). Measuring digital skills. From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes Project Report. The London School of Economics and Political Science. University of Oxford and University of Twente. Retrieved from: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/?id=112
21. Wok, S., & Mohamed, S. (2017). Internet and social media in Malaysia: Development, challenges and potentials. In The evolution of media communication. IntechOpen.