With the continuous progress of society, people's aesthetics are changing, and the requirements for furniture are getting higher and higher, which makes the Contemporary Furniture design emerge new trends, and the innovation of furniture decorative pattern design is a trend (Ma ,2012). This research is based on the study of the cultural connotation of peony fractal image in decorative patterns in Contemporary Furniture design, aiming at fully exploring the artistic characteristics and cultural heritage of peony fractal image, better combining it with Contemporary Furniture design concepts, and using the past for the present, so as to embody the soul of the nation and the traditional charisma in Contemporary Furniture design, and provide theoretical basis for how the peony fractal image in decorative patterns can be better applied to furniture design. This research adopts the literature research method to provide a theoretical basis. This research adopts the qualitative research method, mainly through collecting a large number of literature and picture data, and conducting detailed analysis and induction, from which the origin and development of peony fractal patterns are summarized and their artistic characteristics and cultural connotations are analyzed. The practical application in the field of furniture design and the close connection between the two are discussed, including the position of its application in furniture design, the decorative techniques chosen and the general rules of its application. It also explores how to apply this art form to furniture design, and proposes corresponding innovative ways and means. The study concludes that the innovation of decorative patterns in modern Chinese furniture is not only the improvement of traditional design, but also the deeper purpose of using exquisite patterns and shapes to break the traditional concepts of folklore and to bring auspicious meanings to people. Through visiting the furniture stores, we collected some classic cases of peony fractal pattern applied in Contemporary Furniture design, and combined with the aesthetic demand of contemporary people, we used the method of patternology, comparative method to explore its application in Contemporary Furniture design, such as direct reference, indirect reference, and its "modernisation" transformation, through simplification, induction, exaggeration or abstract change, and through simplification, exaggeration or abstract change, to make it more suitable for the Contemporary Furniture design. By simplifying, summarising, exaggerating or abstracting the changes, it will have new functions, concepts and forms, and become a decorative pattern that meets the aesthetic concepts of modern people, so as to increase the competitiveness of Chinese furniture in the globalised economic environment.