A Wearable IoT System for Real-Time Hyperthermia Risk Detection in School Children Based on Temperature and Heart Rate Analysis
List of Authors
Khairul Ariffin Jamaluddin, Muhamad Saiful Helmi Mohd Salim, Rasha Rageb Atallah, Siti Sabariah Salihin, Wee Soo Lee
Keyword
Hyperthermia, IoT, Real-Time Monitoring, School Children, Heat-Related Illness
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of extreme heat events resulting from climate change poses significant health risks, particularly hyperthermia, among vulnerable populations such as schoolchildren. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can adversely affect children’s physiological conditions, making early detection and preventive intervention essential. This study presents the development and evaluation of a wearable real-time monitoring system designed to predict hyperthermia risk among schoolchildren through continuous physiological and environmental monitoring. The proposed system integrates an ESP8266 microcontroller with DS18B20 temperature sensors and MAX30100 heart rate sensors to measure students’ body temperature and heart rate, as well as surrounding environmental conditions. The collected data are transmitted wirelessly in real time to the Blynk Internet of Things (IoT) platform, enabling continuous data visualization and automated alert notifications. These alerts can be accessed by school authorities and parents through smartphones and computers, allowing immediate awareness of potential heat-related risks. System performance was evaluated using a data analysis approach based on percentage error and accuracy comparison. Sensor readings were validated against standard medical instruments, specifically a clinical thermometer for body temperature measurement and a pulse oximeter for heart rate monitoring. Experimental testing was conducted on three students to assess measurement reliability and system accuracy. The results demonstrated an average accuracy of 99.3% for temperature measurements and 95% for heart rate measurements. Among the participants, Student 2 exhibited the most reliable performance, achieving the lowest error rates for both monitored parameters. These findings indicate that the proposed wearable monitoring system is dependable and precise in detecting physiological indicators associated with hyperthermia. The system supports early intervention strategies, such as encouraging hydration, relocating students to cooler environments, or seeking timely medical attention. Overall, the study confirms that the developed real-time monitoring solution has strong potential for implementation as a preventive health tool in school environments, contributing to improved safety, health awareness, and well-being among schoolchildren.