Komuniti bajau-laut dan sistem zon konservasi taman marin: antara tafsiran autoriti dan tafsiran harian
List of Authors
  • Noviatin Syarifuddin

Keyword
  • Small Island Development Goals (SIDGs), sosiologi alam sekitar, komuniti Bajau-Laut, Taman Marin Tun Sakaran, Taman Negara Wakatobi

Abstract
  • Agenda Pembangunan Lestari 2030 (SDGs) melalui strategi ke 14 Live Below Water iaitu inisiatif Small Island Development Goals 2014 (SIDGs) amat kurang diteliti melalui perspektif komuniti Bajau-Laut di Asia Tenggara khususnya dalam kajian sosiologi alam sekitar. Sehubungan itu, makalah bertujuan meneliti pengetahuan komuniti Bajau-Laut tentang peraturan zon konservasi perairan sebagai pembentuk kawalan sosial. Reka bentuk kajian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian kes melalui teknik pengumpulan data temu bual separa struktur dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan 20 orang informan. Kajian melibatkan sampel komuniti Bajau-Laut di Taman Marin Tun Sakaran (Sabah, Malaysia) dan Taman Negara Wakatobi (Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia). Teknik analisis tematik melalui pengkategorian tema berdasarkan tafsiran autoriti dan tafsiran harian digunakan mendeksripsi perbezaan realiti sosial komuniti Bajau-Laut. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan wujud dua realiti sosial yang berbeza tentang tafsiran pengetahuan berkaitan peraturan zon konservasi antara komuniti Bajau-Laut (Malaysia-Indonesia) dengan pihak berkuasa. Dari sisi tafsiran autoriti, komuniti Bajau-Laut mengetahui peranan struktur agensi taman marin menguatkuasakan peraturan zon konservasi sebagai alat kawalan sosial membendung amalan memancing yang tidak lestari dan aktiviti rentas sempadan yang semakin terhad. Dari sisi tafsiran harian, interaksi sosial antara komuniti Bajau-Laut mewujudkan pemahaman yang berbeza-beza tentang pelaksanaan peraturan sistem zon konservasi meliputi zon memancing, zon larangan, zon kegunaan umum yang berada pada tahap sederhana. Kesimpulannya, takrifan autoriti kelestarian taman marin perlu difahami dengan jelas sebagai pembentuk kawalan sosial kepada anggota komuniti. Berbanding dengan takrifan harian yang mempunyai percanggahan kerana diproses melalui interaksi sosial oleh kedua-dua komuniti Bajau-Laut di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Oleh demikian, penemuan kajian penting untuk penambahbaikan dasar dan amalan pengurusan taman laut di negara masing-masing.

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