The revival of regional museums as keeper of culture in post-Mao China (1976-1978)
List of Authors
  • Zhang, Zhiyu

Keyword
  • Cultural Revolution, a decade of unrest, regional museums, new deal, reconstruction of historical relics,

Abstract
  • The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) [i] ushered a decade of civil unrest in China when the country and its people suffered serious setbacks and losses since the founding of the new China when China's cultural development was at a low ebb. As a record of Chinese socio-history and culture in the post-Mao era, the Regional Museum of China reflects some extent, the relationship between China (1976-1978) and immaterial cultural production and historical continuity under certain spatial conditions. It is a true example of China's socio-historical and cultural processes. Based on regional museums in China, this paper uses qualitative research and documentary analysis to explain China's historical evolution and cultural renaissance during the two-year hiatus following a decade of turmoil. Field visits to regional museums were conducted within the defined scope of the study, a wealth of information was collected for statistical analysis, and the impact of the New Deal on the construction of regional museums was discussed. This includes their contribution to the restoration and reconstruction of historical artifacts that have produced a revival of Chinese history and culture.

Reference
  • 1. Outline of Medium and long Term Development Plan of Chinese Museum Industry (博物馆事业中长期发展规划纲要, ZhongGuoBoWuGuanGangYao)(2011-2020)
    2. Zhou Enlai's(周恩来）Government Report on the Development of National History and Culture（关于历史文化发展前景的报告 LiShiWenHuaFaZhanQianJingBaoGao), Beijing Party Congress(北京党代会 BeiJingDangDaiHui), 1975.
    Chinese Local Government Decree
    3. Circular of the General Office on Promoting the Pilot Reform of Local Museum Construction 000014349/1978-00122
    4. Document on Improving the Safeguard System of Cultural Relics System 000016378/1978-00126
    5. Guidance on the construction of Regional Museums 000018678/1978-127
    China National Museum System
    6. China Museums Annual Report, 1978 (nb.ncha.gov.cn/museum)
    7. Official Website of China National Museum-China Museum Annual Report System. (http://chnmuseum.cn)
    8. State Administration of Cultural Relics (http://www.ncha.gov.cn/).
    9. State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China - Cultural Heritage Statistics 1976 (ncha.gov.cn).
    Secondary Sources
    Books
    Cai Qin 蔡琴, New Vision of Museum (博物馆新视域, BowuGuan iinshiyu), Zhejiang: Zhejiang People's Publishing House (浙江人民出版社 ZheJiang RenMin ChuBanShe), 2003.
    10. Cao Binwu 曹兵武, Museum and Culture (博物馆与文化 Bowuguan yu wenhua), Beijing: China Book Bureau (中华书局 ZhongHua Shuju), 2021.
    11. Evans, Harriet., & Michael Rowlands, Reconceptualizing Heritage in China: Museums, Development and the Shifting Dynamics of Power, Museums, Heritage and International Development. Routledge, 2014.
    12. Huang Zhenchun 黄振春, Museums and Memorials in the Mao Zedong Era: Investigation and Notes of Future Curators (毛泽东时代的博物馆和纪念馆;未来策展人的调查与笔记 Weilai Cezhuan Ren Diaocha Biji), BeiJing: Chinese red heritage (中国红色遗产 Zhongguo Hongse Yichan), 2016.
    13. Jin Chunming 金春明, A Brief History of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国简史Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Jianshi), Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House (上海人民出版社 Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe), 1999.
    14. Jin Chunming 金春明, A Brief History of the Cultural Revolution (文化大革命简史 WenhuaDageming Jianshi), Chinese Communist Party History Press (中共党史出版社 Zhonggong Dangshi Chubanshe), 2005.
    15. Society of Party History of the Communist Party of China 中共党史协会, China in the Mao Zedong era (1949-1976) (毛泽东时代的中国, Maozedong Shidai De Zhongguo), BeiJing: CPC History press (中共党史出版社 CPC ChuBanShe), 2003.
    16. The Party History Office of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage 国家文物局党史办公室, Chronicle of the Cause of Cultural Relics Museums of the People's Republic of China: 1949-1999 (中华人民共和国文物博物馆事业编年史: 1949-1999 年 Zhanghua Renmin gonghe guo Wenwu Bowuguan Shiye), BeiJing: Cultural Relics Publishing House (文物出版社 WenWu ChuBanShe), 2002.
    17. Wang Chunfa 王春法, Research Report on the Development of Chinese Museums, (中国博物馆发展研究报告 ZhongGuoBoWuGuanFaZhanBaoGao), BeiJing China National Museum press (国家博物馆出版社 GuoJia Bowuguan ChubanShe), 2018.
    18. Wang Songshan 王嵩山, Museums and Culture (博物馆与文化 BowuguanYu Wenhua), ZhongGuoTaiWan: National Taipei University of Art, China (中国台湾出版社TaiWanChuBanShe), 2012.
    Journals and Articles
    19. Arjona M., Brinkley F K., Camargo‐Moro F., et al, “Museum Development and Cultural Policy: Aims, Prospects and Challenges, Museum International, Vol.34, No.2,1982, pp.72-82.
    20. Ai Lin 爱琳. “The "New Normal" of the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities from the Perspective of Historical urban Areas” (基于历史城区视角的历史文化名城保护“新常态” JiYu Lishi Chengqu Lishi Wenhua Mingcheng Baohu “Xinchangtai”), Journal of Urban Planning (城市规划学院Chengshiguihuaxueyuan, Vol.4, No.7, 2016, pp.94-101.
    21. Bennett, Tony., “The Political Rationality of the Museum,Critical Cultural Policy Studies”. A Reader, 2003, pp.180-87.
    22. Ba Jin 巴金, “Published Capriccio-Establish a Museum of the Cultural Revolution” (随想录:建立文革博物馆 suixiang lu-jian li wenhua da ge ming bowuguan), Ba Jin collection (巴金文集BaJinWenJi), Beijing: Beijing Yanshan Press (北京燕山出版社 BeiJingYanShanChuBanShe), 1986, pp.46-47.
    23. Cai Qin 蔡琴, “Revisit, Reconstruction and Reinterpretation – How to Tell Local History in the Permanent Exhibition of Regional Museums” (重新审视、重建和重新解释——如 何 在 地 区 博 物 馆 的 永 久 展 览 中 讲 述 当 地 的 历 史 Chongxinshenshi, RuheZaiDiquBowuguanDeYongjiuZhanlanZhongJiangshuDangdiLishi), Museum Management (博物馆管理 BoWuGuanGuanLi), Vol.6, No.1, 2021, pp.4-12.
    24. Chen Weiyi 陈伟义, “The Future of Tradition in Chinese Museums” (中国博物馆的传统未来 ZhongGuoBoWuGuandeChuanTongWeiLai), The Future of Tradition in Museology (博物馆学中的传统的未来 BoWuGuanXueWeiLai), No.32, 2009. pp.15-19.
    25. Chen Xiaodong 陈晓东, “Timeless Splendour: Treasures from the National Museum of China (Hoe)” (永恒的辉煌：中国国家博物 YongHengDeHuiHuang: ZhongGuoGuoJiaBoWuGuan), Museum Anthropology Review (博物馆人类学评论 BoWuGuanRenLeiiuePingLun), Vol.41, No.18, 2010, pp.110-111.
    26. Du Yong 杜勇, “On the Protection of Cultural Relics in Local Museums” (论地方博物馆的文物保护 Lundifangbowuguande wenwubaohu), Collection and investment, (收集和投资 Shouji He Touzi), Vol.17, No.6, 2021, pp.43-46.
    27. Ding Xiaoqiang 丁晓强, A Deep Understanding of the Historical Significance of the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party Central Committee (深刻认识党的十一届三中全会的历史意义 Shenke Renshi Dangde Shiyijie Sanzhong Quanhui de Lishi yiyi). Journal of Ideological and Theoretical Education (思想理论教育导刊 Sixiang Lilun Jiaoyu Daokan), No.4, 2019, pp.16-19.
    28. He Zhen 贺震, Mao Zedong and the Double Hundred Policy (Maozedong Yu Shuangbai Fangzhen 毛泽东与双百方针), Wuling Academic Journal (武陵学刊 Wuling Xuekan), 1998, No.2, pp.13-16.
    29. Li Wanwan 李万万, “Retrospect and Prospect on the Centennial of the National Museum of China: An Interview with Mr. Wang Hongjun” (中国国家博物馆百年纪念的回顾与展望: 对王洪军先生的访谈 Dui WangHongjun iiansheng Zhuanfang), Journal of National Museum of China (中国国家杂志出版社 ZhongGuo Guojia Zazhi Chubanshe), 2012, pp.45-49.
    30. Lu tiechun 卢铁春 and Wang iixue 王西学, “Reflection on the Cultural Revolution of the Cultural Revolution (对文化大革命的反思 DuiWenhuaGemingDe FanSi)”, Consumption guide (消费导刊iiaoFei DaoKan), No.6, 2009, pp.219-219.
    31. Liu Chen 刘忱, “From Cultural Revolution to Cultural Construction (从文化大革命到文化建设 Cong Wenhua Dageming DaoWenhua Jianshe)”, Scientific Socialism (科学社会主义 kexue Shehui Zhuyi ), No.6, 2006, pp.67-70.
    32. Stylianou-Lambert T., Boukas N., Christodoulou-Yerali M., “Museums and Cultural Sustainability: Stakeholders, Forces, and Cultural Policies”, International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol.20, No.5, 2014, pp.566-587.
    33. Tian Jiali 田家莉. Research on the Development Strategy of Tangshan Museum's Cultural Industry (唐山博物馆文化产业开发策略研究). Modern Science and Technology (现代科技iiandai Keji), Vol.1, 2014, pp.9-10.
    34. Wang Liyan 王黎燕, “Conception of Regional Museum Construction in China” (中国区域博物馆建设观 Zhongguo Quyu Bowuguan Canguan), Chinese Cultural Journal (中国文化杂志 Zhongguo Wenhua Zazhi), No.6, 2020, pp.182-184.
    35. Wuli 武力, 40 years of Reform and Opening Up: Course and Experience (改革开放40年：历程和经验 Gaigekaifang40nian: licheng jingyan), BeiJing: Contemporary China Press House (当代中国出版社DangDai ZhongGuo ChuBanShe), 2020.
    36. Wang Li 王莉, “Systematic Construction of Regional Museum Cooperation” (系统地建设区域博物馆合作 Xitong Jianli Quyu Bowuguan Hezuo), Museum of China (中国博物馆 Zhongguo Bowuguan), No.2, 2008, pp. 35-38.
    37. Wang Chuanping 王川平, “Regional Culture and Regional Museum Construction” (区域文化与区域博物馆建设 Quyuwenhuayubowuguanjianshe), Journal of Hunan Provincial Museum (湖南省立博物馆学报 Hunan Shengli Bowuguan Xuebao), No.1, 2010, pp. 695-697.
    38. Whisper 微言, “The Establishment of Cultural Revolution Museum is the Need of History” (建立文革博物馆是历史的需要 Jianli Wenge Bowuguan Shi Lishi Xuyao), Lanzhou Academic Journal (兰州学刊Lanzhou xuekan), No.4, 1988, pp.5-10.
    39. Wu Heng 吴恒, “Museum and Change: Regional Museums in the People’s Republic of China” (博物馆与变革：中华人民共和国的区域博物馆 Bowuguan Yu BianGe: ZhonghuarenmingongheguodeQuYubowuguan), Norway: The University of Bergen, 2011, pp.71-78.
    40. Wen Shengjie 温升杰, “Review and Prospect of the Construction of Non-State-Owned Museums in Xi'an (西安市非国有博物馆建设的回顾与展望), Architecture and Culture (建筑与文化 Jianzhu Yu Wenhua), Vol.8, 2017, pp.228-229.
    41. XiaoGuanXiong 肖冠雄, “Internal and External Repair: Talk about the Museum Organizational Cultural Construction and Reform” (内外兼修:谈博物馆组织文化建设与变革. Tan Bowuguan Zuzhi Wenhua Jianshe Yu Biange), China Memorial Hall Research (中国纪念馆研究 Zhongguo Jinian Guan Yanjiu), No.2, 2012, pp.35-42.
    42. XieJiannan 谢剑南 and XiaYufei 夏雨菲, “The Communist Party of China's Centenary Path of Exploration and National Rejuvenation” (中国共产党百年探索与民族复兴的中国道路, ZhongGuo GongChandang Tansuo Minzu Fuxing Daolu), Leadership Science Forum (领导科学论坛 Lingdao Kexue Luntan), No.7, 2021, pp.5-16.
    43. Zhao Xinlai 赵新来, Fu Yufang 傅玉芳, Sixty Years of Custodial Work in Henan Provincial Museums (河南省博物馆保管工作六十年 Henan Sheng Bowuguan Baoguan Gongzuo Liushinian), Chinese Heritage Journal (中原文物Zhongyuan Wenwu). Vol.2, 1987, pp.20-26.
    44. Zhang Wei 张伟, “Collaborative Innovation and Regional Development - Reflections on the Establishment of Museum Research System in Huaihai Economic Zone Appraisal and Appreciation of Cultural Relics” (合作创新与区域发展——对建立淮海经济区文物鉴定与鉴赏博物馆研究体系的思考 Hezuo Chuangxin Yu Quyu Fazhan), Journal of Reform and Opening Up (改革开放刊 Gaige Kaifang kan ), No.16, 2021, pp.72-74.
    45. Zhu Yu 朱羽, “On the Mass Literary and Artistic Practice of the Great Leap Forward in the Context of Cultural Revolution” (论文化大革命背景下大跃进的大众文学艺术实践 Lun Wenhua Dageming Dazhong Wenxue Yishu Shijian), Modern Chinese Journal (现代中国期刊 Xiandai Zhongguo Qikan), No.1, 2016, pp.51-60.
    Magazines and Newspapers(Chinese)
    46. People's Daily 人民日报 (1946-1997)
    47. China Culture Daily 中国文化日报 (1986-1991)
    48. China City Daily 城市日报 (2001-2018)
    49. Museum Daily 博物馆日报 (1976-2001)
    50. China History Daily 中国历史日报 (2006-2011)