The quality of road construction is a critical determinant of traffic safety outcomes, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Despite that, the relationship between road construction quality and traffic safety outcomes remains poorly understood. This study addresses this knowledge gap by employing a quantitative approach, utilizing questionnaires with a 64% response rate, and analyzing data using descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation analysis. The findings reveal a significant correlation between road construction quality indicators and traffic safety performance metrics, particularly accident frequency, injury severity, and road user behavior, with material durability and maintenance practices emerging as the most influential factors. This study concludes that there is a significant correlation between road construction quality indicators and traffic safety performance in road construction projects in Nigeria. Thus, recommend the need for policymakers to establish and enforce strict regulatory frameworks to ensure adherence to road design standards and regular maintenance schedules for improving road traffic safety performance.