Analisis perbandingan amalan pembentukan integriti polis antara negara Asia Pasifik: satu kajian literatur
List of Authors
  • Abd. Hair Awang , Noordeyana Tambi , Suhana Saad

Keyword
  • Amalan integriti, PDRM, pembentukan integriti, isu integriti, Asia Pasifik

Abstract
  • Integriti merupakan pegangan nilai moral seseorang individu dan diterjemahkan melalui tingkah laku. Ianya juga sebagai piawaian atau jati diri individu yang berperanan mengawal sikap dalam menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik. Begitu juga, bidang kepolisan dilihat kerjaya penuh cabaran dan sentiasa terdedah dengan salah laku dan pelanggaran integriti. Terdapat beberapa cabaran yang perlu dihadapi oleh Polis Diraja Malaysia dalam memperkukuhkan reputasi dan imej integriti kepolisan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti pembentukan amalan integriti dalam Pasukan Polis Diraja Malaysia berbanding negara lain. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dalam menjalankan penelitian terhadap kandungan penyelidikan para sarjana mengenai integriti polis. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa perbezaan dan persamaan pembentukan amalan integriti polis melibatkan negara seperti Australia, Korea Selatan, China, dan Thailand di wilayah Asia Pasifik. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mengaitkan perbandingan amalan pembentukan integriti dengan teori integriti polis dan menghasilkan sebuah model penambahbaikan amalan integriti polis.

Reference
  • 1. Arfah. S and Anis M. H. (2019). Insights: governance, integrity and corruption: a commentary from the perspective of human governance. Journal of Governance and Integrity, 2, 1
    2. Berita Harian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2019/05/563045/penubuhan-ipcmc-serlah-integriti-pdrm.
    3. Berita Harian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2020/01/649272/cpi-2019-malaysia-lonjak-ke-tangga-51.
    4. Berita Harian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/kes/2020/10/739556/10-polis-ditahan-rm100000-dirampas.
    5. Chêne, M. (2010). Anti-corruption and police reform. [Online]. Available at: https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/247_Anti_corruption_police_reform.pdf.
    6. Cox, R. W. (2009). Ethics and integrity in public administration: concepts and cases: concepts and cases. books. [Online]. Available at: google.com.my.
    7. Dobel, J. P. (1999). Integrity in the public service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 354–366. [Online]. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2769133.
    8. Enforcement Agency Integrity Commission. (2019). [Online]. Available at: http://www.eaic.gov.my/sites/default/files/DR.10.2019%20%20Penyata%20JKPK%20Menimbang%20RUU%20-%20IPCMC%202019.pdf
    9. Fariza. M.S, & Salahuddin. Y. (2015). Religiosity of muslim adolescents from single parent families living in government-subsidised settement. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 5,2, 1-12.
    10. Gan Chee Keong. 2018. An overview of police custodial death cases in Malaysia. Saudi Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (SJHSS), 540-545.
    11. Gonzales, A. R., Schofield, R. B., & Schmitt, G. R. (2005). Enhancing police integrity. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
    12. Hafizah Mat Nawi & Hafez Shahril Hussin. (2020). Good cop is never cold or hungry: antecedents and consequences of financial literacy among members of the Royal Malaysia Police. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 10, 1, 270–289.
    13. Harian Metro. [Online]. Available at: https://www.hmetro.com.my/node/158606.
    14. Harian Metro. [Online]. Available at: https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2018/08/367192/agensi-paling-banyak-diadukan-ialah-polis-metrotv.
    15. Haniza. H. M. B, Jamaliah. S & Zulyanti. A. B. 2015. Case Study on integrity among Royal Malaysian Police (RMP): An ethical perspective. Procedia Economics and Finance, 28, 121 – 125.
    16. Hine, K. A. 2020. An environmental approach to police misconduct: exploring situational prevention possibilities to understanding and preventing police misconduct. Policing: An International Journal, 43,6, 893-916.
    17. Huberts, L. L., Kaptein, M. M., & Lasthuizen, K. K. 2007. A study of the impact of three leadership styles on integrity violations committed by police officers. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 30, 4, 587-607.
    18. Hubert, L. 2014. What it is, what we know, what is done and where to go. Public Administtation, 93,3, 822-836.
    19. Huberts, L. W. J. C. 2018. Integrity: What it is and why it is important. Public Integrity, 20, 18-32.
    20. Ibrahim Mamat & Wan Mohd Zaifurin Wan Nawang. 2020. Integriti penjawat awam negeri Terengganu. Jurnal Stisipol Raja Haji Tanjung Pinang, 2,1, 213-225.
    21. Improving police integrity: reforming the police complaints and disciplinary systems. 2014. [Online]. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/385896/45363_Cm_8976_Accessible.pdf.
    22. Ivković, S. K., & Kang, W. 2012. Police integrity in South Korea. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 1,35, 76-103.
    23. Jamaliah. S, Md. Mahmudul. A, Zulyanti. A. K, & Razana. J. J. 2018. Integrating religiosity into fraud triangle theory: findings on malaysian police officers. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, 4,2, 111-123.
    24. Kaptein, M., & Van Reenen. 2001. Integrity management of police organizations. An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 4,3, 283-300.
    25. Klockars, C. B. 2000. The measurement of police integrity. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
    26. Klockars, C. B., Kutnjak Ivković, S., & Haberfeld, M. R. (Eds.). (2004). The contours of police integrity. Newbury Park: Sage.
    27. Klockars, C. B., Ivković, S. K., & Haberfeld, M. R. (2006). Enhancing police integrity. Washington DC: US Department of Justice.
    28. Lanyi, A., & Azfar, O. (2005). Tools for assessing corruptions & integrity in institutions: A handbook. USA Government.: United States Agency for International .
    29. Megat Ayop Megat Ariffin & Abd Halim Ahmad. (2016). Kepentingan budaya integriti dan etika kerja dalam organisasi di Malaysia: Suatu tinjauan umum. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12,9, 138-149.
    30. Megat Ayop Megat Arifin & Abd. Halim Ahmad. (2016). Konsep integriti dalam organisasi Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM): Satu tinjauan awal. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12 ,8, 135 - 147.
    31. Meyer, M. E., Steyn, J., & Gopal, N. 2013. Exploring the public parameter of police integrity. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 36,1, 140-156.
    32. Musa, K., Saad, N., & Nor, M. A. M. 2018. Tingkah Laku Integriti Dalam Pemantapan Pengurusan Sektor Perkhidmatan Awam. Management Research Journal, 7, 260-277.
    33. Pelan Anti-rasuah Nasional (NACP) 2019-2023. 2019. Pejabat Perdana Menteri Malaysia. [Online]. Available at: https://www.pmo.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/PELAN-ANTIRASUAH-NASIONAL-2019-2023_.pdf.
    34. Pelan Integriti Nasional. (2004). Putrajaya: Institut Integriti Malaysia.
    35. Phetthong, N., & Ivković, S. K. (2015). Police integrity in Thailand. In Measuring police integrity across the world . New York: Springer.
    36. Pillay, P. (2014). Integrity leadership. African Journal of Public Affairs, 72, 27-38.
    37. Porter, L. E., Prenzler, T., & Hine, K. (2015). Police integrity in Australia. New York: Springer.
    38. Prenzler, T. (2011). The evolution of police oversight in Australia. Policing and Society, 21, 3, 284-303.
    39. Sinar Harian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/110867/BERITA/Nasional/Langkah-terbaik-pelihara-integriti-PDRM
    40. Sinar Harian. [Online]. Available at: https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/98086/BERITA/Nasional/Laporan-Ketua-Audit-Negara-2019-lapor-ketidakpatuhan-lebih-cepat
    41. Stinson, P.M., Liederbach, J., Lab, S.P. and Brewer, S.L. (2016). Police integrity lost: a study of law enforcement officers arrested”, US Department of Justice. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/249850.pdf.
    42. Storr, L. (2004). Leading with integrity: A qualitative research study. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 18,6, 415-434.
    43. Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia. (2019). [Online]. Available at: https://www.sprm.gov.my/penguatkuasaan/statistik-operasi/statistik-tangkapan?id=3232
    44. Suruhanjaya Integriti Agensi Penguatkuasaan. (2020). [Online]. Available at: http://www.eaic.gov.my/pusat-sumber/statistik/aduan.
    45. Transparency international's global corruption barometer. (2020). [Online]. Available at: https://transparency.org.my/pages/what-we-do/indexes/global-corruption-barometer.
    46. Tyler, T.R. (2017). From harm reduction to community engagement: redefining the goals of American policing in the twenty-first century. Northwestern University Law Review, 111,6 1537-1564.
    47. Utusan Borneo. 2020. [Online]. Available at: https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2020/08/05/3173-kertas-siasatan-kesalahan-tatatertib-pegawai-anggota-polis-jan-2019-jun-2020
    48. Utusan Malaysia. (2020). [Online]. Available at: https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2020/11/polis-terlibat-salah-laku-ditamatkan-perkhidmatan/
    49. Wu, G., Makin, D. A., Li, Y., Boateng, F. D., & Abess, G. (2018). Police integrity in China. Policing: An International Journal of Policing Strategies & Management. [Online].Available at: doi10.1108/PIJPSM-01-2017-0008.
    50. Zulyanti, A. K, Jamaliah. S & Haniza. H. M. B. (2015). An exploratory study on the possibility of assets misappropriation among Royal Malaysian police officials. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31,15, 625-631.