Perubahan tingkah laku kanak-kanak disebabkan penggunaan gajet
List of Authors
  • Joan Danil , Suzyani Mohamed

Keyword
  • Persepsi, telefon pintar, kanak-kanak, perubahan tingkah laku

Abstract
  • Pada masa kini kanak-kanak menjadikan gajet sebagai alat permainan dan juga rakan. Gajet seperti tablet dan telefon pintar menjadi alat yang penting dalam kehidupan mereka. Namun, penggunaan secara berlebihan telah menyebabkan perubahan tingkah laku dalam kalangan kanak-kanak. Ini menimbulkan kebimbangan dalam kalangan ibu bapa. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat persepsi ibu bapa mengenai perubahan tingkah laku kanak-kanak yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan gajet secara berlebihan. Kajian kuantitatif dengan kaedah tinjauan ini melibatkan melibatkan 80 sampel yang mempunyai anak di empat buah prasekolah dan menggunakan gajet. Teknik persampelan bertujuan (purposive sampling) digunakan untuk memilih sampel. Sampel menjawab soal selidik yang mengandungi dua bahagian iaitu demografi dan persepsi perubahan tingkah laku kanak-kanak. Persepsi diukur menggunakan Skala Likert 4 mata terhadap 22 deskripsi perubahan tingkah laku. Kajian rintis menunjukkan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen (r=.908). Perisian SPSS versi 23 digunakan untuk menganalisis data secara statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Keputusan menunjukkan 50% daripada kanak-kanak mempunyai perubahan tingkah laku mudah menjadi marah atau menangis apabila gajet tidak tersedia. Sebanyak 40.1% menjadi sangat sensitif terhadap perkara kecil contohnya marah apabila ibu bapa atau adik beradik lain meminjam gajetnya. Masing masing 38% kanak-kanak mempunyai perubahan tingkah laku seperti sukar bertenang apabila dalam keadaan marah dan mencari gajet sejurus selepas bangun. Sebanyak 27.6% dan 25% daripada kanak-kanak dilihat selalu sibuk dengan gajet dan selalu tidur lewat. 45% kanak-kanak berada pada tahap mengalami perubahan tingkah laku sama ada menunjukkan ciri-ciri ketagihan dan ketagihan telefon pintar. Hasil ujian Khi Kuasa Dua menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tempoh penggunaan telefon pintar dengan perubahan tingkah laku ( X2 (1,N = 80) = 8.887, p >.05). Implikasi kajian menyediakan ruang kepada guru dan ibu bapa berkolaborasi dalam merancang dan mengembangkan aktiviti luaran yang lebih bervariasi agar dapat mengurangkan kecenderungan penggunaan gajet yang berlebihan. Ibu bapa perlu berusaha agar dapat memastikan pilihan kandungan dan aplikasi yang digunakan sesuai dengan umur dan konteks penggunaan yang bermanfaat.

Reference
  • 1. Al Mazmi, M., Aslam, H. & Rajan, A.V. 2013. The influence of technology on children shealth. International Conference on Technology and Business Management, March 18-20, 1226-1235.

    2. Conners-Burrow, N. A., Mckelvey. L. M., & Fussel, J. J., 2011. Social outcomes associated with media viewing habits of low-income preschool children. Early Education and Development 22(2):256-273.

    3. Costello, E. J., Copeland, W., & Angold, A. (2011). Trends in psychopathology across the adolescent years: What changes when children become adolescents, and when adolecents become adults? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 52(10), 1015-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x.

    4. Demirci, K., Akgonul, M., & Akpinar (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of behavioral Addiction, 4(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010.

    5. Elhai, J. D., Yang, H., & Montaq, C. (2019). Cognitive-and emotion-related dysfunctional coping processes. Transdiagnostic mechanisms explaining depression and anxiety’s relations with problematic smartphone use. Current Addiction Reports, 6(4), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-019- 00260-4.

    6. Genc. Z.,(2014). Parents perception about the mobile technology use of preschool aged children.International Conference of Early Childhood Care and Education 146:55-60

    7. Gani, S. A (2016),Parenting Digital natives: Cognitive, emotional and Social development Challenges. International Conference on Education, 870-880

    8. Hazalizah & Alexander.(2018). Gadget usage: Trends and its relationship with psychosocial adjustment among pre-schoolers in Malaysia. International Journal for studies on Children, Women, Elderly and Disables 10(5):93-99

    9. Hinkley T., Verbestel, V., Ahrens, W., Lissner, L., Molnar, D., Moreno, L. A., & Bordeaudhuij, I. D. 2014. Early childhood electronic media use as a predictor of poorer well being: A prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5): 485-492.

    10. Kamibeppu K., & Sugiura H,. 2005.Impact of the mobile phone on Junior HighSchools Students friendship in the tokyo metropolitan area.Cyber Psychology and Behavior. DOI: 10.1089/cpb.2005.8.121

    11. Kelly, J. (2018). The Troubling side effects of smartphones. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333104023_Impact_of_Smartphones_on_Young_Generation [10 September 2020]

    12. Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission (2017). Hand Phone Users Survey. https://www.mcmc.gov.my/resources/statistics/hand-phone-surveys[8 September 2020]

    13. Muhajir, S. A., Hudani, N., Sombuling, A. (2018). Excessive smartphone usage among early adolescents: Impact on social competence. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia.http://journalarticle.ukm.my/14927/1/347-1567-1-PB.pdf [9 September 2020]

    14. Randejelovic, P., Stojiljkovic, N., Radulovic, N.,Ilic, l., Stojanovic, N., & Ilic, S. (2019). The association of smartphone usage with subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among medical students. Biological Rhythm Research, 50(6), 857-865. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2018.1499374.

    15. Rocha, B., Nune C.(2020). Benefits and damages of the use touchsceen devices for the development and behavior of children under 5 years old-a systematic review. University of Algrave, Faro, Portugal and Psychology Research Centre (CIP). DOI: 10.1186/s41155-020-00163-8

    16. Stankovic M, Nesic M, Cicevic S & Shi Z. 2002. Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, sleep quality and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110342

    17. Stojiljkovic, J., & Stankovic, M. (2018). Depressive state and social anxiety in adolescents: The role of family interactions. The American Journal of Family Theraphy, 46(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2018.1506269.

    18. Suhana, M. (2017). Influence of gadget usage on children’s Social-Emotional Development. International Conference of Early Childhood Education (ICECE), volume 69.

    19. Sundus, M. (2018). The impact of using gadgets on children. Department of Computer Science, Lahore University. DOI: 10.4172/2167-1044.1000296

    20. Mohapatra DP, Mohapatra MM, Chittoria RF, et al. (2015). The scope of mobile device in health Care and medical education. International Journal of Advance Medical and Health Research ; 2: 3-8.DOI: 10.4103/2349-4220.159113

    21. Sara Devamani, S., Paul, H., George, J., Begum, S., Dsouza, S. N., & Lobo, M. R. (2019). Parent’s perception regarding mobile phone usage led behaviour changes in children. Current Pediatric Research, 23(4), 143-147

    22. Sarwar M.S & Soomro T. R.(2013).Impact smartphone’s on society.European Journal of Scientific Research 98 (2). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236669025_Impact_of_Smartphone' s_on_Society [4 Oktober 2020]

    23. Vittrup B., Snider, S., Rose, K.K., & Rippy, J. (2014). Parental perceptions of the role of media and technology in their young children’s lives. Journal of Early Childhood Research.

    24. Xie, X., Dong, Y., & Wang, J.(2018). Sleep quality as a mediator of problematic smartphone use and clinical health symptoms. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 466-472. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.40.