Kesan persekitaran fizikal dan sosial kepada perkembangan kanak-kanak dari perspektif neurosains: Kajian sorotan sistematik
List of Authors
  • Faridah Yunus , Wong Poh Yee

Keyword
  • persekitaran, pendidikan prasekolah, perkembangan kanak-kanak, neurosains

Abstract
  • Persekitaran merupakan antara aspek utama atau kriteria untuk menilai kualiti sebuah program pendidikan awal kanak-kanak. Aspek persekitaran fizikal seharusnya diberi penekanan yang sama seperti aspek kurikulum dan pengajaran prasekolah. Ini disebabkan persekitaran fizikal dan persekitaran sosial membawa kesan yang besar terhadap perkembangan kanak-kanak. Kajian sorotan sistematik ini membincangkan tentang kesan persekitaran fizikal dan sosial kepada perkembangan kanak-kanak dari perspektif neurosains. Neurosians pendidikan ialah suatu bidang yang menggabungkan bidang kolektif neurosains, psikologi, sains kognitif, dan pendidikan untuk mewujudkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana kita belajar dan bagaimana maklumat ini dapat digunakan untuk menambahbaik pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kajian ini merangkumi analisis tulisan akademik dan hasil dapatan daripada 70 buah artikel jurnal. Antara tema utama yang difokuskan semasa pemilihan artikel jurnal ialah tema neurosians pendidikan, persekitaran pembelajaran dan juga pendidikan prasekolah. Isu-isu yang dihadapi dalam pengintegrasian neurosains ke dalam konteks bilik darjah dan aspek kolaborasi antara pelbagai disiplin juga dikenal pasti sebagai tema-tema tambahan semasa pelaksanaan kajian. Rumusan daripada kajian sorotan literatur ini ialah persekitaran pembelajaran seseorang kanak-kanak memberi impak yang besar terhadap perkembangannya dan ini dapat disokong dari aspek neurosains. Walau bagaimanapun, lebih banyak kajian penyelidikan perlu dijalankan dengan melibatkan kolaborasi antara pakar atau penyelidik neurosains dan pendidik seperti guru prasekolah supaya ilmu neurosains pendidikan dapat diaplikasikan dengan releven dalam penyediaan persekitaran bilik darjah.

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