Cabaran polis dan tentera mendepani pandemik Covid-19
List of Authors
  • Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad , Nazirah Hassan , Syahrezahelmy Mohd Razali

Keyword
  • Pandemik Covid-19, perintah kawalan pergerakan, pegawai polis, Polis Diraja Malaysia, Angkatan Tentera Malaysia

Abstract
  • Perintah kawalan pergerakan telah dilaksanakan sebagai respon memutuskan rantaian penularan pandemik Covid-19. Polis Diraja Malaysia dipertanggungjawabkan untuk menguatkuasa perintah kawalan pergerakan dengan melaksana sekatan jalan raya dan pemantauan pematuhan prosedur operasi standard. Kesukaran untuk mengawal situasi ini, anggota Angkatan Tentera Malaysia turut dikerah untuk membantu pihak polis menguatkuasa perintah kawalan pergerakan. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka cabaran yang dihadapi oleh pihak polis dan tentera dalam menjalankan tugas sepanjang tempoh kawalan pergerakan dikuatkuasakan di Malaysia. Kaedah kualitatif menerusi temubual mendalam telah dilaksanakan keatas 10 informan termasuklah lima anggota Polis Diraja Malaysia dan lima anggota Angkatan Tentera Malaysia. Hasil kajian mengenalpasti sekurang-kurangnya lima tema cabaran yang dihadapi sewaktu menguatkuasa perintah kawalan iaitu kekangan logistik, beban tugas, sikap orang awam, isu kesejahteraan emosi dan isu peribadi. Kelima-lima cabaran ini telah menghalang kelancaran pelaksanaan tugas, sekaligus menyumbang kepada masalah tekanan anggota polis dan tentera yang bertugas sepanjang tempoh pandemik Covid-19. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan agensi penguatkuasaan untuk mengambil tindakan dan memainkan peranan dalam meminumkan masalah atau cabaran tersebut. Kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa kepimpinan yang berkesan dapat mengurangkan risiko tekanan dan meningkatkan prestasi kerja dalam kalangan anggota. Hasil kajian memberi implikasi keatas penguatkuasaan efektif pasukan keselamatan dalam melaksana tanggungjawab melindungi keselamatan awam dan manjaga keamanan negara sewaktu tempoh pandemik.

Reference
  • 1. Adams, T., Anderson, L., Turner, M., & Armstrong, J. (2011). Coping through a disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8, 1-15.
    2. Albrecht, J., den Heyer, G., & Tobin, T. (2020). Enhancing police services in the United States through public and interagency collaboration. In J. Albrecht & G. den Heyer (Eds.), Enhancing Police Service Delivery (pp. 109-124). Swithzerland: Springer.
    3. Atalan, A. (2020). Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 56, 38-42.
    4. Chan, X. W., Kalliath, P., Chan, C., & Kalliath, T. (2020). How does family support facilitate job satisfaction? Investigating the chain mediating effects of work–family enrichment and job‐related well‐being. Stress and Health, 36, 97-104.
    5. Dai, M., Xia, Y., & Han, R. (2021). The impact of lockdown on police service calls during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice. Doi: 10.1093/police/paab007
    6. Griffin, J. D. & Sun, I. Y. (2018). Do work-family conflict and resiliency mediate police stress and burnout: A study of state police officers. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43, 354-370.
    7. Jones, D. J. (2020). The potential impacts of pandemic policing on police legitimacy: planning past the COVID-19 crisis. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 14, 579-586
    8. Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2021). Situasi terkini Covid-19 di Malaysia 28 April 2021. Diakses daripada, http://covid-19.moh.gov.my/terkini.
    9. Laufs, J., & Waseem, Z. (2020). Policing in pandemics: A systematic review and best practices for police response to COVID-19. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101812.
    10. Luna, A. M., Brito, C. S., & Sanberg, E. A. (2007). Police planning for an influenza pandemic: Case studies and recommendations from the field. Police Executive Research Forum. Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. Department of Justice.
    11. Mayshak, R., Curtis, A., Coomber, K., Tonner, L., Walker, A., Hyder, S., ... & Miller, P. (2020). Alcohol-involved family and domestic violence reported to police in Australia. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Doi: 10.1177/0886260520928633.
    12. Malaysia. (1988). Akta Pencegahan dan Pengawalan Penyakit Berjangkit (Akta 342). Undang-Undang Malaysia.
    13. Mohler, G., Bertozzi, A. L., Carter, J., Short, M. B., Sledge, D., Tita, G. E., ... & Brantingham, P. J. (2020). Impact of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 68, 1-13.
    14. Santa Maria, A., Wolter, C., Gusy, B., Kleiber, D., & Renneberg, B. (2019). The impact of health-oriented leadership on police officers’ physical health, burnout, depression and well-being. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 13, 186-200.
    15. Stogner, J., Miller, B. L., & McLean, K. (2020). Police stress, mental health, and resiliency during the COVID-19 pandemic. American journal of criminal justice, 45, 718-730.
    16. Tuttle, B. M., Blumberg, D. M., & Papazoglou, K. (2019). Critical challenges to police officer wellness. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.538
    17. Verma, B. K., Verma, M., Verma, V. K., Abdullah, R. B., Nath, D. C., Khan, H. T., ... & Verma, V. (2020). Global lockdown: An effective safeguard in responding to the threat of COVID‐19. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26, 1592-1598.
    18. Walton R. & Falkner S. (2020). The Challenges of Maintaining Law and Order during the Coronavirus Response. Diakses daripada, https://policyexchange.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Policing-a-Pandemic.pdf
    19. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Diakses daripada, https://covid19.who.int/.