Integriti dalam pengambilan dan pemilihan pegawai Polis Diraja Malaysia
List of Authors
  • Anis Yusal Yusoff , Norashikin Ahmad , Sity Daud

Keyword
  • Amalan integrity, pengambilan dan pemilihan, sumber manusia, Polis Diraja Malaysia, pelanggaran integriti

Abstract
  • Dalam usaha untuk menjadi agensi penguatkuasa utama yang profesional, kompeten dan komited bekerja dengan masyarakat, Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) amat memerlukan sumber manusia yang berintegriti tinggi. Pelbagai usaha pengukuhan integriti warga polis dilaksanakan termasuk penerapan modul integriti dalam latihan, pemakaian lencana “Integriti Amalan Kita”, pelancaran Pelan Integriti PDRM serta penubuhan Jabatan Integriti dan Pematuhan Standard (JIPS). Namun imej PDRM dibayangi dengan pelbagai pelanggaran integriti oleh entitinya seawal dalam tempoh lima tahun perkhidmatan mereka. Kajian bersifat ontologi ini meneroka dan menganalisa fenomenologikal amalan integriti dalam proses pengambilan dan pemilihan pegawai polis yang diimplimentasi PDRM. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes, berlandaskan kepada data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperolehi menerusi kaedah temubual separa berstruktur ke atas seramai 30 informan dalam kalangan pegawai polis di seluruh negara yang dipilih menerusi teknik persampelan bertujuan. Manakala data sekunder diperolehi menerusi kajian dokumentasi dan kepustakaan. Kajian ini berteraskan kepada Pelan Integriti PDRM 2016-2020 dan Teori Integriti Organisasi Kepolisan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan proses pengambilan dan pemilihan yang diimplimentasi PDRM menitikberatkan elemen integriti namun wujud kelemahan dalam aspek perlaksanaan seperti pengaruh luar, penipuan, salah guna kuasa dan kelemahan sistem, namun ianya boleh diatasi menerusi penglibatan agensi luar, pengukuhan sistem dan pemurnian proses pengambilan dan pemilihan.

Reference
  • 1. Abdul Rahman Embong. 2017. Melangkaui 2020 ke arah 2050: Menangani cabaran baharu integriti negara. Siri Syarahan Perdana Integriti Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Institut Integriti Malaysia (INTEGRITI).
    2. Akta Polis. 1967. Akta 344 Akta Polis 1967 sebagaimana pada 1 Oktober 2012. P.U 385 A/1967. Undang-Undang Malaysia.
    3. Aleksandra R. 2018. Challenges in recruitment and selection of the police in montenegro. Review Scientifec Paper. Strani Pravni Zivot, 125 – 141.
    4. Annell, S., Lindfors, P., Kecklund, G. & Sverke, M. 2018. Sustainable recruitment: Individual characteristics and psychosoial working condotions among Swedish Police Officers. Nordic Journal of Working Life Study, 8(4): 3 – 18.
    5. Azlan Ahmad & Norfadhillaton Zahari. 2012. Kajian keberkesanan program pembangunan dan penilaian bagi Pegawai Perkhidmatan Tadbir dan Diplomatik Gred M41. Jurnal Pengurusan Awam, 17-31.
    6. Caglar, A. 2004. Recruitment in the Turkish Police. Policing & Society, 14 (4): 348 – 364.
    7. Creswell, J. W. 2003. Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches. 2nd Ed. Thousand Oake, CA: Sage Publication.
    8. Fisher, C. D. 1989. Current and recurrent challenges in HRM. Journal of Management, 15(2): 157 – 180.
    9. Frost, T. M. 1955. Selections method for police recruits. The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 46: 135-145.
    10. Haberfeld, M. 2016. The triangle of recruitment, selection and training in 21st century policy in the politics of policing : Between force and legitimacy. Emerald Insight, 295-313.
    11. Hickman, M.J., Piquero, A.R., Powell, Z.A. & Greene, J. 2016. Expanding the measurement of police integrity. Policing, 39(2): 246-267.
    12. Hoisington Jr, E. H. 2018. Police recruitment: Best practices to ensure a competent, skilled workforce. ProQuest LLC. Tesis PhD. University of Pheonix.
    13. Informan Pakar 1. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 12 November 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    14. Informan 4. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 15 November 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    15. Informan Pakar 6. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 14 November 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    16. Informan 10. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 26 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    17. Informan 14. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 13 November 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    18. Informan 19. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 11 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    19. Informan 25. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 10 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    20. Informan Pakar 28. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 26 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    21. Informan Pakar 29. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 13 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    22. Informan Pakar 30. 2019. Temubual Separa Berstruktur pada 24 Disember 2019. Kajian Lapangan.
    23. Inzunza, M. 2016. Selection practitioners’ views on recruitment criteria for the profile of police officers: A comparison between two police organizations. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 45: 103 – 119.
    24. Inzunza, M. & Wikstorm, C. 2019. European police recruits’ views on ideal personal characteristics of a police officer. Policing and Society.
    25. Jabatan Integriti dan Pematuhan Standard. 2019. Statistik JIPS. Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) Bukit Aman.
    26. Jabatan Pengurusan Polis Diraja Malaysia, Carta aliran proses pengambilan dan pemilihan pegawai polis. Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) Bukit Aman.
    27. Jain, H. C., Singh, P. & Agocs, C. 2000. Recruitment, selection and promotion of racial minority and aboriginal police officer in selected canadian police services. Canadian Public Administration, 42(3): 46 -74.
    28. Karlsson, S. 2017. Civil investigators on the rise: A case study of recruitment processes and their consequences in the Swedish Police Authority. Master Degree Project in Management. University of Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law.
    29. Khechumyan, A & Kutnjak, I. S. 2019. Exploring Differences in Police Integrity Within a Centralized Police System. dalam Kutnjak I. S. & Haberfeld (eds). Exploring Police Integrity. Springer, Cham.
    30. Klockars, C. B. & Kutnjak, I. S. 1999. The measuring of police delinquency dalam W. Laufer & F. Adler (Eds). The Criminology of criminal Law, Advances in Criminilogical Theory. Vol. 8: 87-106. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
    31. Klockars, C. B., Kutnjak, I. S. & Haberfeld, M. R. 2006. Recruitment, selection and training. dalam Klockars, C. B., Kutnjak, I. S. & Haberfeld, M. R. Enhancing Police Integrity. Springer. 165-182.
    32. Kutnjak, I. S. 2015. Studying police integrity dalam Kuntjak, I. S. & Haberfeld, M. R. 2015. Measuring Police Integrity Across The World: Studies from establish democracies and countries in transition. New York: Springer. 1-36.
    33. Kuntjak, I. S. & Haberfeld, M. R. 2015. Measuring Police Integrity Across The World: Studies from establish democracies and countries in transition. New York: Springer.
    34. Laman web e-pengambilanpdrm. n.d. Syarat umum permohonan jawatan kosong PDRM. www.e-pengambilanpdrm.gov.my. (Dicapai pada 28 Mei 2019).
    35. Lersch, K. & Mieczkowski, T. 1996. Who are the problem-prone officers?. American Journal of Police, 15: 23-44.
    36. Linos, E., Reinhard, J. & Ruda, S. 2017. Levelling the playing field in police recruitment: Evidence from a field experiment on test performance. Symposium Article. Special Issue: Symposium: Behavioural and Experimental Public Administration. Vol. 95. Wiley Public Administration.
    37. Linos, E. & Riesch, N. 2019. Thick red tape and the thin blue line: A field study on reducing administrative burden in police recruitment. Public Administration Review. Wiley Online Library. Vol.80(1): 93-103.
    38. MAMPU. 2012. Etos perkhidmatan awam. Unit permodenan tadbiran & perancangan pengurusan malaysia (MAMPU). www.mampu.gov.my. (Dicapai pada 29 Mac 2020).
    39. Megat Ayop Megat Arifin dan Abdul Halim Ahmad. 2016. konsep integriti dalam organisasi Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM): Satu tinjauan awal. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12(8):135-147.
    40. Miller, S. 2016. Integrity testing. dalam Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Policing. Philosophical and Ethical Issues. Springer Briefs in Ethics. 95- 104. (Diakses pada 10 Mac 2020).
    41. Noor Rahamah Abu Bakar. 2006. Pendidikan dan pekerjaan di kalangan wanita di Malaysia serta keperluan bimbingan vokasional dalam pemilihan pekerjaan. Jurnal e-Bangi 1(1): 1-12.
    42. Pelan Integriti Nasional. 2004. Institut Integriti Malaysia. http://www.iim.org.my. (Dicapai pada 20 Januari 2018).
    43. Pelan Integriti PDRM 2016-2020. 2016. Polis Diraja Malaysia. www.rmp.gov.my. (Dicapai pada 25 Januari 2018).
    44. Porter, L. E. & Alpert, G. P. 2017. Understanding police recruits’ attitudes towards public interactions: An Australian example. Police Quarterly 0(0): 1-32. sagepub.com.journals.
    45. Rigaux, C. & Cunningham, J. B. 2020. Enhancing recruitment and retention of visible minority police officers in Canadian policing agencies. Journal of Policing and Society:Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2020.1750611.
    46. Rozhan Othman. 1991. Keberkesanan kaedah pengambilan yang digunakan oleh firma terpilih di sektor pembuatan. Jurnal Pengurusan 10: 59-73.
    47. Rusli Ahmad, Hasbee Usop, Azman Ismail, Sopian Bujang & Nur Naha Abu Mansor. 2014. Conducting research in social science and management studies. Practical and a step- by-step guide. Sarawak. Malaysia. RS Publication House.
    48. Scheer, C. 2018. Interest in police patrol career: An assessment of potentia candidates, Impressions of the police recruitment, selection and training processes. The University of Southern Mississippi. The Aquila Digital Community Faculty Publications.
    49. Shahreen, A. Z. A. 2013. How to do a content analysis: A step-by-step guide. Unpublished Manuscript.
    50. Sharifah Darmia Sharif Adam. 2016. Rancangan Malayanisation dalam Dasar Pengambilan Kakitangan Awam di Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (1948 hingga 1979). Jurnal Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa. Penerbit UMS. MANU, 24: 21-65.
    51. Slater, H. R. & Reiser, M. 1988. Comparative study of factors influencing police recruitment. Journal of Police Science and Administration, 16(3): 168 – 176.
    52. Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi. 2017. Kajian kualitatif dan analisis temu bual. Aras Publisher.
    53. Sonta, A. 2020. Ethical culture strengthening model at resort police as part of police reform:A bourdieu’s habitus based approach. Jurnal Masyarakat Indonesia.
    54. Suhaira Bani Usman & Kee Y. Sabariah Kee Mohd Yusof. 2020. Perilaku membisu dalam kalangan penguatkuasa di sektor awam terpilih. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanitie. e-Bangi, 17(6): 265 – 279.
    55. Suruhanjaya Integriti Agensi Penguatkuasaan. 2020. Statistik Aduan Didaftarkan Mengikut Agensi Penguatkuasaan Tahun 2011 – 2020. Laman Web Rasmi Suruhanjaya Integriti Agensi Penguatkuasaan. (Diakses pada 23 September 2020).
    56. Thompson, S. B. 2011. Qualitative research validity. JOAAG. 6(1): 77-82.
    57. Veerasamy, L. & Raja, S. 2014. Integriti dalam perkhidmatan awam pada era tun Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj 1957 – 1970. Jurnal Sejarah 23(1): 147 – 173.
    58. Watson, J. & Robinson, E. 2006. Police Recruitment: The Way Forward. The Police Journal, Volume 76: 14-29.
    59. Watson, J. & Robinson, E. 2003. Police Recruitment: The Way Forward. The Police Journal, Vol. 76.
    60. Wilson, J. M. & Grammich, C. A. 2009. Police recruitment and retention in the contemporary urban enviroment. Conference Proceedings. National Discussion of Personal Experiences and Promising Preactices from the Front Lines. RAND Corporation.
    61. White, M. D & Jay, G. E. J. 2008. Making good cops in the twenty-first century: Emerging issues for the effective recruitment, selection and training of police in the United States and abroad. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 22, 119- 134.
    62. Zafir, Ishak, Abdul Hair & Arawati. 2012. Kebolehpasaran graduan IPT tempatan: Penilaian dari persepektif majikan. Malaysian Journal of Youth Studies. Vol. 2 Dec 2012 Institut Penyelidikan Pembangunan Belia Malaysia. 79-94.
    63. Zamri Yahaya. 2019. Jabatan Integriti dan Pematuhan Standard. Jurnal Integriti. Jabatan Integriti dan Pematuhan Standard. Polis Diraja Malaysia