AI-Enhanced Green Curriculum: A Framework for Advancing Sustainability Education in Malaysian Universities
List of Authors
  • Bakhtiar Alrazi, Nik Amalena Najebah Nik Azman, Nur Shuhada Ya’acob, Sharina Mohd Salleh, Wan Noordiana Wan Hanafi

Keyword
  • Green Curriculum, Sustainability Education, Artificial Intelligence, Higher Education, Environmental Literacy, UTAUT Framework

Abstract
  • Growing interest in global sustainability has therefore forced the higher education sector to focus on developing environmentally literate graduates who are capable of making a contribution to sustainable development. In Malaysia, it is only one more complication in the scenario where inappropriate curriculum implementation, unprepared instructors, and inadequate use of technology in sustainability education is another problem. However, sustainability is not commonly taught in universities even though the government has embarked on ambitious programs which include the 12th Malaysia Plan, Green Campus Initiative, and the governmental Energy Policy 2022–2040. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) is changing educational institutions, enabling more flexible studying, tailoring lectures tailored for special needs of an individual, and offering instant feedback. However, the incorporation of the technology into the design of green curricula has largely not been adequately examined so far in Malaysia. This theoretical paper proposes a theoretical approach integrating sustainability pedagogy for teaching this concept with UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) to guide the construction and application of AI-assisted green curriculum modules. The framework can be framed into three interrelated components: (1) Green Curriculum Context, the element of environmental literacy and green knowledge; (2) Technology Adoption Drivers, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions; and (3) Behavioral Outcomes, behavioral intention coupled with actual usage behaviour arising from sustainability practices. Drawing on multidisciplinary literature and national policy norms, this study presents a contextually relevant, scalable system for institutions of higher education. The framework provides practical guidance for educators, curriculum creators and policymakers keen to further embed sustainability within the fabric of technology solutions. This technique lays the foundations for a future empirical study that explores the potential of AI to enhance sustainability education in Malaysia’s higher education environment

Reference
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