The rapid increase in traffic volumes on national roads in Central Java, particularly in the Demak Ring Road, Simpang 3 Kudus Timur, and Pati Ring Road sections, has led to accelerated pavement deterioration. Effective maintenance strategies require economic evaluation tools that consider long-term performance. This study applies a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) to compare the Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan (MDPJ) 2017 and the Shell Pavement Design Method (SPDM) for asphalt overlay rehabilitation. The analysis covers a five-year period and considers three major cost components: construction costs, routine maintenance costs, and vehicle operating costs (VOC). Data were sourced from the Directorate General of Highways (BBPJN VII Semarang) and official unit cost records. Results show that the MDPJ 2017 approach yields lower life cycle costs compared to SPDM for both agency and user cost components. These findings align with previous research on cost-effective infrastructure management (Akinyi et al., 2022; Branca et al., 2015) (Teo, 2009) and provide evidence for adopting LCCA in national road rehabilitation decision-making.