Field hospitals are essential components of emergency healthcare systems, particularly in densely populated and disaster-prone regions such as Asia. Despite their critical role during natural disasters, pandemics, and mass casualty events, the deployment and operation of field hospitals face numerous challenges. This study aims to examine the development, deployment, and operational dynamics of field hospitals, with a focus on identifying systemic issues and potential areas for improvement. A systematic literature review was conducted, analysing peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and case studies published over the past two decades. Key findings reveal recurring challenges in logistical coordination, human resource allocation, technological integration, and the consistency of patient care. Additionally, gaps were identified in the standardization of field hospital models, long-term outcome evaluations, cross-border coordination, and the inclusion of mental health services. The review underscores the urgent need for more region-specific research and policy development to improve the adaptability, efficiency, and sustainability of field hospitals in Asia. These insights contribute to academic discourse, inform disaster risk reduction strategies, and guide future policy formulation in healthcare emergency response planning.