Anomali dasar luar Malaysia terhadap China ketika pasca era Perang Dingin (1989-1996)
List of Authors
  • Ikhram Ridzuan , Mohd Ikbal Mohd Huda , Nurliana Kamaruddin

Keyword
  • China, Malaysia, dasar luar, tiga peringkat analisis, pasca Era Perang Dingin

Abstract
  • Artikel ini menganalisis hubungan diplomatik antara Malaysia dengan China ketika era Pasca Perang Dingin iaitu dari tahun 1989 sehingga tahun 1996. Pasca era Perang Dingin menyaksikan anomali hubungan diplomatik antara Malaysia dengan Amerika Syarikat dan China. Ketika era Perang Dingin menyaksikan hubungan yang akrab antara Malaysia dengan Amerika Syarikat dalam mengimbang kuasa China. Walau bagaimanapun, pasca era Perang Dingin telah menyaksikan peningkatan hubungan diplomatik antara Malaysia dengan China dan bersifat dingin terhadap Amerika Syarikat. Anomali hubungan diplomatik bilateral dihujahkan melalui perubahan politik antarabangsa, kepentingan domestik dan persepsi pemimpin. Teori realisme neoklasikal telah diadaptasi untuk menganalisis anomali dasar luar Malaysia terhadap China ketika era Mahathir Mohamad. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan kaedah kualitatif dengan memperoleh data primer melalui temu bual berstruktur dengan informan utama dari Malaysia dan China, kaedah analisis berdasarkan kronologi dan diperkukuhkan dengan bukti-bukti empirikal melalui data sekunder. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa anomali perubahan dasar luar Malaysia terhadap China iaitu dipengaruhi oleh tekanan Amerika Syarikat terhadap Malaysia dan perubahan dasar luar China; kelembapan ekonomi dan krisis elit politik; dan perubahan persepsi dan tindakan Mahathir terhadap China. Kajian turut mendapati bahawa ketika pasca era Perang Dingin bermula peningkatan kepercayaan Malaysia terhadap China sedangkan hubungan normalisasi telah terjalin sejak tahun 1974. Walaupun Malaysia menikmati tempias ekonomi China dalam aspek perdagangan dan pelaburan yang tidak pernah berlaku ketika era sebelum ini, Kuala Lumpur tidak pernah berkompromi dengan Beijing dalam isu di Laut China Selatan.

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