Analysis of Biodegradable Packaging Materials for Eco-Friendly Waste Reduction Using Factorial Design
List of Authors
  • Guganesh Sathia Selvam Tamil Selvam, Norhaidah Mohd Asrah

Keyword
  • Biodegradable Packaging, Design of Experiment, Factorial Design, Analysis of Variance

Abstract
  • The growing environmental impact of non-biodegradable waste highlights the urgent need for sustainable packaging options. Conventional plastic packaging is a major source of pollution and poses risks to ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. Biodegradable packaging made from renewable materials offers a viable solution by reducing plastic waste and supporting a circular economy. This study examines the best combination of material types, exposure conditions, and degradation durations to improve biodegradability using a 3³ factorial design. The experimental method included randomization and replication to ensure reliable results. Biodegradability was assessed by measuring the weight of homemade starch-based packaging sheets after exposure. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate both main effects and interactions. Results showed that material type and exposure condition were the most influential factors, with tapioca starch under soil exposure achieving the highest degradation rate. Degradation duration and interaction effects were not statistically significant, suggesting that the pairing of material and environment is more important than time alone. These findings offer practical guidance for developing effective biodegradable packaging solutions that help reduce waste and promote environmental sustainability.

Reference
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