This study adopts a systematic literature review method to analyze the influencing factors of sports consumption behavior and explore the role of social, cultural, economic and psychological factors in sports consumption decisions. Based on the Web of Science and Scopus databases, this study screened 21 eligible empirical studies, used the PRISMA framework for screening, and summarized and analyzed the research methods and conclusions. The study found that: (1) Social factors (such as social class, social media influence, family and group support) significantly affect sports consumption behavior, and sports consumption decisions are driven to a certain extent by social networks and group pressure; (2) Economic factors (such as income level, price sensitivity, market supply and demand) are the core determinants of sports consumption, and groups with higher incomes are more inclined to high-end sports consumption; (3) Cultural factors (such as brand preference, sports identity, symbolic consumption) affect sports consumption patterns, and sports consumption has gradually become an external manifestation of identity and social values; (4) Psychological factors (such as purchase motivation, perceived risk and behavioral intention) play a key role in the sports consumption decision-making process. Consumers often weigh costs, risks and benefits when consuming sports. This study summarizes the shortcomings of existing research and proposes future research directions, including strengthening cross-cultural research, combining big data analysis, conducting long-term tracking research, and exploring emerging consumption patterns. The research results have important practical significance for the sports industry, government policy formulation, and marketing strategies.