Sense and expression in Arabic literary criticism from Sayyid Qutb’s perspective
List of Authors
  • Saila Fadhila Ulfa

Keyword
  • Sense (al-qiyam al-syu'ūriyyah), Expression (al-qiyam al-ta'bīriyyah), Basic Principles, Arabic Literary Criticism

Abstract
  • Entering the modern era, as a result of the influence with the Western world, Arabic literary criticism began to develop with many critics writing rules or methods in literary criticism. This article tries to look at Sayyid Qutb's efforts to respond to this situation by analyzing the basic principles of Arabic literary criticism from Sayyid Qutb's perspective by focusing on two main elements, sense element (al-syu’ur) and expression element (al-ta'bir) as well as the application of these two elements in assessing a literature work. The material objects are Sayyid Qutb's book entitled al-Naqd al-Adabī Uṣūluhu wa Manāhijuhu and Kutub wa Syakhṣiyyāt. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a content analysis approach using reading and note-taking techniques. As a result, it can be seen that the concept of literary works emphasized by Sayyid Qutb is in sense value (al-qiyam al-syu'ūriyyah) and expression value (al-qiyam al-ta'bīriyyah) and at the same time these two things are the starting point for critical analysis of literary works. In the sense element, three points that need to be considered are the specificity of emotions, the depth of the feeling of connection with nature, and the authenticity of emotions. As for the expression element, the aspects that need to be looked at are the words (alfaẓ), phrase ('ibārah), and the topic approach. In the application of theory, Sayyid Qutb places greater emphasis on assessing the elements of sense and expression in general, rather than focusing on points derived from these two elements.

Reference
  • 1. Ab Rahman, A. H., Wan Ahmad, W. I., Ali, N., & Ismail, D. (2015). Qur’anic Literary Study: Sayyid Qutb’s Thought and Orientation. Asian Social Science, 11(4), 218–222. 2. al-Khalidi, S. A. al-Fatah. (2000). Sayyid Quṭb Al-Adīb al-Nāqid Wa al-Dā’iyah al-Mujāhid Wa al-Mufakkir al-Mufassir al-Rā`id, (1st ed.). Dar al-Qalam. 3. Amin, A. (2012). Al-Naqd al-Adabī. Muassasah Handawi li al-Ta’lim wa al-Tsaqafah. 4. Dhaif, S. (1999). Fi al-Adab wa al-Naqd. Dar al-Ma’arif. 5. Endraswara, S. (2013). Metodologi Kritik Sastra. Penerbit Ombak. 6. Fayyad, S. (1977). Sayyid Qutb: His Thought and Literature [University of Manchester]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/4175577223ee3918f8d2ad2a11fbfd5a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=51922&diss=y 7. Hafidhah, S. (2019). Masār Ta`aṡṡur Al-Naqd al-Adabī al-Ḥadiṡ bi al-Manāhij al-Garbiyyah (Dirāsah Taḥlīliyyah). Majallat Dirasat, 8(2), 95–109. 8. Idris, M. (2008). Kritik Sastra Arab: Pengertian, Sejarah dan Aplikasinya. Bidang Akademik UIN Sunan Kalijaga. 9. Kamil, S. (2009). Teori Kritik Sastra Arab Klasik dan Modern. Rajawali Pers. 10. Khan, M. A. E. (2016). Al-‘Aqqad: His Contribution to Modern Arab Thought and Literature. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 24, 16–23. 11. Muzir, I. R. (2016). Hermeneutika Filosofis Hans Georg Gadamer. Ar-Ruzz Media. 12. Pradopo, R. D. (1993). Pengkajian Puisi (cet. 3). UGM Press. 13. Qalyubi, S. (2017). ’Ilm Al-Uslub Stilistika Bahasa dan Sastra Arab (2nd ed.). Idea Press Yogyakarta. 14. Qutb, S. (1983). Kutub wa Syakhṣiyyāt (3rd ed.). Dar al-Syuruq. 15. Qutb, S. (2003). al-Naqd al-Adabī: Uṣūluhu wa Manāhijuhu (8th ed.). Dar al-Syuruq. 16. Sudarminta, J., & Gallagher, K. T. (2002). Epistemologi Dasar: Pengantar Filsafat Pengetahuan (Cet. 1). Penerbit Kanisius. 17. Sugiyono, S. (1991). Taha Husein Pandangan dan Teorinya Tentang Puisi Arab Jahiliah. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 44, 1–21. 18. Suroso, Santosa, P., & Suratno, P. (2009). Kritik Sastra: Teori, Metodologi, dan Aplikasi. Elmatera Publishing. 19. Syayib, A. (1994). Uṣūlu Al-Naqd al-Adabī (10th ed.). Maktabah Nahdah Misriyyah. 20. Teeuw, A. (2018). Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra. PT Dunia Pustaka Jaya.