Barriers of solar system implementation towards energy efficiency for mosques
List of Authors
  • Hafifi Zainal Abidin , Noraidawati Jaffar

Keyword
  • solar system, solar energy, energy efficiency, mosque

Abstract
  • Solar system implementation has significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency and fostering sustainability in a variety of industries. Solar system installation in mosques and other religious buildings may increase energy efficiency, decrease environmental impact, and conform to sustainability principles. Moreover, mosques and religious buildings are vital community hubs with a substantial energy supply. By utilising the sun's power, mosques can serve as beacons for the widespread adoption of renewable energy within their communities. Numerous mosques in Malaysia have already started using this solar system to make their buildings more energy efficient. The aim of this study is to identify the obstacles to installing solar energy systems in mosques. Quantitative method was adopted for this study by using questionnaires survey. The data of 40 respondents from chairman or the committee member of the mosques that implement solar system was analysed by using Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS). The findings of the study indicate that high installation costs, lack of financial support, and high maintenance costs are the primary obstacles to the implementation of solar systems in mosques. These results should be considered in planning solar implementation in mosque or any religious buildings.

Reference
  • 1. Alam, S. S., Omar, N. A., Ahmad, M. S. B., Siddiquei, H. R., & Nor, S. M. (2013). Renewable energy in Malaysia: Strategies and development. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 2(1), 51.

    2. Ammar, M. H., Al-Turki, Y. A., & Alghamdi, A. S. (2020). Solar energy system monitoring and failure detection methods: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 124, 109791.

    3. Bazilian, M., Pielke Jr, R. A., & Dessens, O. (2018). Renewable energy and climate change: An assessment of the benefits and pitfalls. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 43, 55-88.

    4. Bird, L., & Lew, D. (2016). Solar PV Financing: Regulatory and legislative challenges for third-party-owned solar PV systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 851-863.

    5. Couto, J., Almeida, T., Carvalho, P., & Melício, R. (2021). Smart photovoltaic maintenance for energy optimisation. Sustainable Cities and Society, 72, 103073.

    6. Denholm, P., Margolis, R., Palmintier, B., & Barrows, C. (2018). Soft costs of solar project development and deployment. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

    7. Farabi, A., Abdullah, A., & Setianto, R. H. (2019). Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Indonesia and Malaysia. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(3), 338–345. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6573

    8. Gadenne, D., Sharma, B., Kerr, T., & Smith, T. (2011). The influence of consumers' environmental beliefs and attitudes on energy-saving behaviors. Energy Policy, 39(12), 7684-7694.

    9. Gillingham, K., Hledik, R., & Neeley, A. (2018). Financing the deployment of solar photovoltaics. Annual Review of Resource Economics, pp. 10, 231–255.

    10. Gupta, R., Nagpal, G., Bhattacharya, S., & Jain, V. (2021). Exploring the challenges and opportunities in the adoption of rooftop solar PV systems in the Indian residential sector. Sustainable Cities and Society, p. 68, 102802.

    11. Hassan, J. S., Zin, R. M., Abd Majid, M. Z., Balubaid, S., & Hainin, M. R. (2014). Building energy consumption in Malaysia: An overview. Jurnal Teknologi, 70(7).

    12. Jacobson, M. Z., Delucchi, M. A., Bauer, Z. A., Goodman, S. C., Chapman, W. E., Cameron, M. A., ... & Sherry, J. (2017). 100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy roadmaps for the 50 United States. Energy & Environmental Science, 10(8), 1652–1669.

    13. Kaldellis, J. K., Zafirakis, D., Kapsali, M., & Kondili, E. (2020). Photovoltaic plants performance analysis: A comprehensive study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 123, 109780.

    14. Kementerian Tenaga dan Sumber Asli (KeTSA) - Dataset Publishers - MAMPU. (2022). Retrieved from www.data.gov.my website: https://www.data.gov.my/data/en_US/organization/ministry-of-natural-resources-and-environment.

    15. Kolodner, M. (2019). Renewable Energy. Marsh & McLennan Insights. Retrieved from https://www.marshmclennan.com/insights/publications/2020/december/renewable-energy.html

    16. Mekhilef, S., Safari, A., Mustaffa, W. E. S., Saidur, R., Omar, R., & Younis, M. A. A. (2011). Solar energy in Malaysia: Current state and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(1), 386–396.

    17. Natural Resources Canada. (2015). What is an energy-efficient home? Retrieved from Natural Resources Canada: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/efficiency/homes/20548.

    18. Peimani, H. (2019). Financial barriers for development of renewable and green energy projects in Asia. In Handbook of Green Finance (pp. 15–34). Springer, Singapore.

    19. Petinrin, J. O., & Shaaban, M. (2015). Renewable energy for continuous energy sustainability in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 967-981.

    20. Petrova, D., Tonelli, R., & Bonizzi, M. (2020). Financial innovation for sustainable development: The role of solar crowdfunding in Malaysia. Renewable Energy, 159, 459-468.

    21. Saint-Gobain. (2022). Committed to implementing an energy savings plan. Retrieved from Saint-Gobain website: https://www.saint-gobain.com/en/news/saintgobain-committed-implementing-energy-savings-plan

    22. Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA). (2019). SEDA introduces P2P trading programme to encourage the use of renewable energy. Retrieved from https://www.seda.gov.my/2019/10/solarpower-seda-introduces-p2p-trading-programme-to-encourage-use-of-renewable-energy/.

    23. Shafie, S. M., Mahlia, T. M. I., Masjuki, H. H., & Andriyana, A. (2011). Current Energy Usage and Sustainable Energy in Malaysia: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 4370-4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.113

    24. Sivaprasad, D., & Kumbhare, P. (2021, April 2). Growing Champions: Malaysia’s renewable energy opportunity. The Edge Malaysia Weekly. https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/growing-champions-malaysias-renewable-energy-opportunity

    25. Sreenath, S., Sudhakar, K., & Yusop, A. F. (2020). Technical assessment of captive solar power plant: A case study of Senai airport, Malaysia. Renewable Energy, 152, 849–866.

    26. Sukarno, I., Matsumoto, H., Susanti, L., & Kimura, R. (2015). Urban energy consumption in a city of Indonesia: General overview. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(1), 360-373.

    27. The Edge Markets. Going Green: Better Returns Solar Investments Expected. 2018.Available online:https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/going-green-betterreturns-solar-investments-expected

    28. TS SOLARTECH OVERVIEW. (2020). Retrieved from www.ts-solartech.com website: https://www.ts-solartech.com/about-us/overview

    29. Wong, K. Y., Ho, Y. S., & Fang, X. (2019). The role of community in promoting renewable energy initiatives in Hong Kong. Energy Policy, 130, 65–74.

    30. Zeinab, A. M. E., Muhammad, F. M. Z., & Kamaruzzaman, S. (2012). Design and performance of photovoltaic power system as a renewable energy source for residential in Khartoum. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7(25), 4036-4042.