Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of food hygiene and safety among street food handlers in Kuala Terengganu
List of Authors
  • Mutiara Sofea Azhar , Nur Amanina Idris

Keyword
  • Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, Food Hygiene, Food Handlers

Abstract
  • This study focuses on the critical factors of food hygiene and safety for street food handlers in Kuala Terengganu. Despite the fundamental importance of proper food handling, inadequate practices pose the risk of foodborne illnesses. The shift towards diverse food choices and increased eating out emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation. Street food, a significant income source for many, also brings forth concerns about hygiene and safety. The research aims to contribute insights into the current state of food hygiene and safety in street stalls, providing valuable information for public health initiatives. This study uses a quantitative method, with self-administered questionnaires to measure food handlers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The questionnaire, carefully structured into six sections, covers screening, demographics, food hygiene and safety practices, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Utilizing a 5-point Likert scale, the study seeks to gather nuanced responses for a comprehensive understanding. The research design is descriptive and cross-sectional, providing a snapshot of the situation. The sampling method used is purposive, ensuring the inclusion of relevant perspectives. The study anticipates collecting data from 303 respondents, enhancing the validity and reliability of the findings. Overall, the research aims to address gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices among street food handlers, contributing to the reduction of foodborne illnesses.

Reference
  • 1. Al-Kandari, D., Al-abdeen, J., & Sidhu, J. S. (2019). Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in restaurants in Kuwait. Food Control, 103, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.040 2. Alum, E. A., Urom, S. M. O. C., & Ben, C. M. A. (2016). Microbiological Contamination Of Food: The Mechanisms, Impacts And Prevention. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 5(3), 65-78. 3. Bhandari, J., Thada, P. K., & DeVos, E. (2022, August 10). Typhoid Fever. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557513/ 4. Carducci, B. J. (2020). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. In B. J. Carducci and C. S. Nave (Ed.) The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 269-273). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch45 5. Chemah, T. C., Nadiatul, S. M. S., Sabaianah, B., Aslinda, M. S., & Norsila, S. (2023, April 1). Food Handlers’ Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Taman Negara, Kuala Tahan. ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, https://ejssh.uitm.edu.my 6. Ernawati, K., Nadhifah, Q., Muslikha, A., Hidayat, M., Soesilo, T. E. B., Jannah, F., Widianti, D., & Yusnita. (2021). Relationship of knowledge and attitude with food handling practices: A systematic review. International Journal of Public Health Science, 10(2), 336-347. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i2.20665 7. Faridah, H. I., Chemah, T. C., Rosmaliza, M., & Norhayati, M. Y. (2016). Food Safety Knowledge and Personal Hygiene Practices amongst Mobile Food Handlers in Shah Alam, Selangor. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 290-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.162 8. Gruenfeldova, J., Domijan, K., & Walsh, C. (2019). A study of food safety knowledge, practice and training among food handlers in Ireland. Food Control, 105, 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.05.023 9. Hanneeyzah, B. B. (2019, July 17). Kes keracunan makanan meningkat di Terengganu. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/wilayah/2019/07/586147/kes-keracunan- makanan-meningkat-di-terengganu 10. Kamboj, S., Gupta, N., Bandral, J. D., Gandotra, G., & Anjum, N. (2020). Food safety and hygiene: A review. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(2), 358-368. https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2f.8794 11. Khairuzzaman, M., Chowdhury, F. M., Zaman, S., Mamun, A. A., & Bari, M. L. (2014). Food Safety Challenges towards Safe, Healthy, and Nutritious Street Foods in Bangladesh. International Journal of Food Science, 2014, Article ID 483519. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/483519 12. Kowalczyk, A., & Kubal-Czerwińska, M. (2020). Street Food and Food Trucks: Old and New Trends in Urban Gastronomy. In Kowalczyk, A., & Derek, M. (Eds.), Gastronomy and Urban Space. The Urban Book Series (pp. 309-327). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34492-4_17 13. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308 14. Lee, H. K., Hishamuddin, A. H, Thong, K. L., & Chai, L. C. (2017). Assessment of Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, Self-Reported Practices, and Microbiological Hand Hygiene of Food Handlers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(1), Article 55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14010055 15. Leong, M. W., Nur, F. S., Siti, N. N., Norfatin, A. M. Y., Nurul, F. A. R., & Nor, A. M. R. (2019). The Effects of Food Safety Knowledge on Food Handling Practices among Street Food Vendors in Kota Bharu. e-Proceedings of 3rd Hospitality, Tourism & Wellness Colloquium 2019 (HoTWeC 3.0), 1, 223-232. http://tinyurl.com/4n2afz7b 16. Liao, X., Nguyen, T. P. L., & Sasaki, N. (2022). Use of the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model to examine sustainable agriculture in Thailand. Regional Sustainability, 3(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsus.2022.03.005 17. Mazni, S., Mohd, H. A. O., Noor, S. O., & Norhidayah, A. (2019). Food Contact Surfaces’ Hidden Secrets and Food Handlers’ State of Readiness. Asian Journal of Quality of Life, 4(16), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v4i16.192 18. Mohd Azli, A. (2023). Wanita mati makan roti basi di R&R Perasing disiasat.Kosmo Digital.https://www.kosmo.com.my/2023/12/23/kematian-wanita-akibat-termakan-m akanan-basi-rr-disiasat/ 19. Mohd Husni, M. N. (2021). Kes keracunan makanan di Malaysia menurun tahun lalu. Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2021/06/kes-keracunan-makanan-di-malay sia-menurun-tahun-lalu/ 20. Noor Aima, S. N., Noorbasirah, Y., Muhammad Abid, M. L., & Pavithrah, S. (2022). Food safety: An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward fast-food operators in Malaysia [Submitted Final Year Project Thesis]. Universiti Malaysia Kelantan. http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/11504 21. Nur Afiqah, M. F., Nur Hajaratul, I. I., Lee, Z. Q., Rosyada, N. R., & Abdullah, M. Y. (2019). Analysing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Street Hawkers in Jeli, Kelantan. e-Proceedings of the 3rd Hospitality, Tourism & Wellness Colloquium 2019 (HoTWeC 3.0), 1, 249-256. http://tinyurl.com/4n2afz7b 22. Schwartz, N. E. (1975). Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices of high school graduates. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 66(1), 28-31. https://europepmc.org/article/med/1110296?utm_medium=email&utm_sourc e=transaction 23. Sharma, S., Mishra, A., Shukla, K., Jindal, T., & Shukla, S. (2020). Food contamination: it’s stages and associated illness. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Biological Sciences, 10(4), 116-128. http://tinyurl.com/2vwjhwuz 24. Suhaila, A. R., Ariffin, H. F., Sanny, M., Ungku Fatimah, U. Z. A., Noor-Azira, A. M., & Hasni Falina, M. I. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice on food safety culture among kitchen employees of Malaysian government hospitals. ESTEEM Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4, 180-195. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/29282 25. Teferi, S. C., Sebsibe, I., & Adibaru, B. (2021). Food Safety Practices and Associated Factors among Food Handlers of Fiche Town, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021, Article ID 6158769. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6158769 26. Todd, E. (2020). Food-Borne Disease Prevention and Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), Article 5129. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145129 27. Mohd Soffian, O. (2020). Puding buih: Bukan salah telur. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/puding-buih-bukan-salah-telur-2 45889 28. Wan Nor Fatihah, W. N., Ramoo, V., Chong, M. S., Noor Hanita, Z., Chui, P. L., & Zamzaliza, A. M. (2022). The Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Malaysian Food Truck Vendors during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare, 10(6), Article 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10060998 29. Warde, A., Paddock, J., & Whillans, J. (2020). Dining out. In The social significance of dining out. Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526134769.00008