Socratic dialogue technique to reduce the level of depression on bully victim in workplace
List of Authors
  • Liley Afzani Saidi , Mohamad Hashim Othman

Keyword
  • Depression, Socratic Dialog, BDI II, Mental Health Screening Status (MSE), Socratic Dialog, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Abstract
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the level of depression faced by bullying staff before and after the counselling session and also identify the symptoms of depression. By using single case study based on a purposive sampling method, the combination from quantitative and qualitative methods were performed in this study using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II), Mental Health Screening Status Form (MSE) and verbatim based on counselling process. Four screening tests were performed to client which is pre-session testing, post-test after the second session, post-test after the fourth session and third post-test after the sixth session. Six sessions were conducted against the client during the review period and BDI II screening tests are used to identify depression levels after undergoing counselling sessions. The purposed to use MSE for this process is to see the changes that are happening to the client, especially in relation to physical and personal appearance. The verbatim method used in this study is to identify the depression symptoms faced by the client. The triangulation method is used to look at the effects of the technique of dialogue in order to reduce depression which is through the combination of BDI II, MSE and verbatim analysis methods. The findings of the study found that the dialogue can reduce depression and this is evidenced by the analysis of triangulation methods in this study.

Reference
  • 1. Akella, D. (2016). Workpalce bullying: Not a manager’s right? Journal of Workplace Rights, 4, 1-10.

    2. Azizi Yahaya, Jamaludin Ramli, Shahrin Hashim, Mohd, Ali Ibrahim & Raja Roslan Raja Abdul Rahman (2009). Teacher and students perception towards bullying in Batu Pahat district secondary school. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4), 653-658.

    3. Bartlett, J. E., & Bartlett, M. E. (2011). Workplace bullying: An integrative literature review. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 13, 69-84.

    4. Beck, J. S. (1996). Cognitive therapy: Basic and beyond. New York: The Guilford Press.

    5. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A. Brown, G.K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory Manual 2. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

    6. Carbo, J. (2009). Strengthening the health workplace act: Lessons from title VII and HED litigation and stories of targets’ experiences. Journal of Workplace Rights, 14, 97-120.

    7. Creswell, J.W (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Singapore: SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.

    8. Einarsen S. (1996). Bullying and harassment at work: Epidemiological and psychosocial aspects. Bergen: Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen.

    9. Einarsen S, Raknes, B. I., & Mattheisen, S.B. (1994). Bullying and harassment at work and their relationships to work environment quality: An exploratory study. The European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 4, 381-401.

    10. Fox, S., & Stallworth, L. E. (2006). How effective is an apology in resolving workplace bullying disputes? Dispute Resolution Journal, 61, 54-63.

    11. Hutchinson, M., Vickers, M., Jackson, D., & Wilkes, L. (2005). Like wolves in a pack: Stories of predatory alliances of bullies in nursing. Health Care Management Review, 30, 331-336.

    12. Jamaludin Ramli, A. Y. (2008). Kemurungan dalam kalangan penghuni anak yatim di daerah Kota Baharu, Kelantan, Retrieved from http://eprints.utm.my/10127/1.

    13. Jeffrey G., & Rutter, R. D. (2010). Guidelines for effective use of Socratic dialog in cognitive therapy. USA: SAGE Publication.

    14. Kinsella, P., & Garland, A. (2008). Cognitive behavioural therapy for mental health workers: A beginner's guide. New York: Routledge.

    15. Monroe, S.M., & Reid, M.W. (2009). Life stress and major depression. A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 18(2), 68-72.

    16. Mudgal, J., & Guilherme Luiz Guimaraes Borges, G.L.G. (2006). Depression among health workers: The role of social characteristics, work stress, and chronic diseases. Salud Mental, 29(5), 1-8.

    17. Norhayati Ibrahim, Asmawati Desa, & Norella Kong Chiew Thong. (2015). Kesan pengantara strategi daya tindak agama terhadap hubungan di antara kemurungan dan kualiti hidup pesakit buah pinggang tahap akhir. Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 29(1), 52-62.

    18. Padesky, C.A. (2017, Sep 24). Socratic questioning: Changing minds or guided discovery?. Keynote address to European Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies; London. Retrieved from http://www.padesky.com.

    19. Pinsky, L. (2012). Depression and medication, LCSW Columbia University. Counseling and Psychological Service, 1-18.

    20. Randle, J., Stevenson, K., & Grayling, I. (2007). Reducing workplace bullying in healthcare organizations. Nursing Standard, 21(2), 49-56.

    21. Rigby, K. (2002). New perspectives on bullying. London, England: Jessica Kingsley.

    22. Saralah Devi Mariamdaran. (2013). Kesan intervensi psiko-positif terhadap tingkah laku agresif, kemurungan dan kecenderungan berubah penghuni muda penjara. (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan), Universiti Utara Malaysia.

    23. Von Bergen, C. W., Zavaletta, J. A., & Soper, B. (2006). Legal remedies for workplace bullying: Grabbing the bully of the horns. Employee Relations Law Journal, 32(3), 14-40.

    24. Yehuda, B. (2001). Bullying on the net: Adverse behaviour on the e-mail and its impact. AMCIS 2001 Proceedings Paper 97. Retrieve from https:// aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2001/97.

    25. Yildirim, D. (2009). Bullying among nurses and its effects. International Nursing Review, 56, 504-511.

    26. Yin, R.K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th.ed.). London: SAGE Inc.

    27. Zafir, M.M., & Fazilah, M.H., (2006). Stres di tempat kerja dan kesannya terhadap keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan. Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 12, 37-45.