Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) serves as a criterion for evaluation and a concept for investment that underscores an organization's performance beyond financial metrics. Therefore, it is crucial for investors to consider ESG factors when making investment decisions. The relationship between ESG performance and overall corporate performance is a pressing concern for publicly traded companies and remains a topic warranting further investigation by the academic community. This situation arises from the fact that, in the absence of a clear examination of the impact of ESG factors on corporate performance, businesses may be disinclined to proactively embrace ESG responsibilities. Furthermore, the regulatory bodies' enforcement of ESG information disclosure is devoid of theoretical underpinning, resulting in investors' hesitance to incorporate ESG performance metrics into their decision-making processes. Consequently, it is imperative to assess the influence of ESG performance on corporate performance. This paper will first systematically organize and review the research results related to ESG. Subsequently, a hypothesis will be formulated, and a selection of publicly traded companies within China's A-share extremely polluting sectors from 2018 to 2023 will be utilized as samples. A linear regression model will be employed for the analysis. The research indicates that there exists a positive and statistically significant correlation between ESG performance and firm performance.