Identifying and assessing correlations in Indonesia’s 2019 e-commerce marketplace
List of Authors
  • Umar Yaseer Abdur Rahman

Keyword
  • Regional GDP, E-commerce, Macroeconomics, Indonesia, household expenditure, transactions, Spearman R, business statistics

Abstract
  • This study identifies correlations between e-commerce business statistics and household consumer statistics during 2019 (pre-COVID-19) in Indonesia. Data sets representing household consumer behavior and e-commerce business behavior during 2019 in Indonesia is sampled and analyzed using the Spearman R method. Data Set 1 is sampled and structured to compare some of the 2019 household expenditure categories of each province in Indonesia, to 2019 consumer e-commerce transaction methods observed in each province in Indonesia. Data Set 2 is sampled and structured to compare 2019 statistical properties of e-commerce businesses per province in Indonesia, to 2019 household consumer statistics per province in Indonesia. Hypotheses are presented and tested to verify or reject the existence of correlations of interest. After a statistical significance test is performed on the outputs of the Spearman R analysis, hypotheses are either accepted or rejected based on acceptable statistical results. The strongest correlations revealed are as the percentage of 2019 e-commerce E-Wallet transactions increase, 2019 household expenditures for transportation and communication, food and beverage, and health and education also increase. Increased data sharing between the retail financial market and the government is recommended to assist policy makers in preemptively identifying and addressing socio-economic problems.

Reference
  • 1. Afifa, L. (2021, March 3). Ma'ruf Amin Laments Rampant Imports on Halal Foods. TEMP0.

    2. https://en.tempo.co/read/1438419/maruf-amin-laments-rampant-imports-on-halal-foods

    3. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019, November 22). [2019 Populace Welfare Statistics] Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/11/22/1dfd4ad6cb598cd011b500f7/statistik-kesejahteraan-rakyat-2019.html

    4. ---(2020, December 24). [2020 E-Commerce Statistics]. Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/24/2548417ddc6dab8247553124/statistik-e-commerce-2020.html

    5. ---(2020, April 30). [2015 to 2019 Gross Regional Domestic Product of Indonesian Provinces based on Expenditure] Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/30/25e3ca3836c003ffcaa1bacc/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-provinsi-provinsi-di-indonesia-menurut-pengeluaran--2015-2019.html

    6. Bank of Indonesia. (2021, March 31). [2020 Economy and Shariah Money Report]. Bank Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id/id/LEKSI-2020/default.aspx.

    7. ---(2021, July 23). [2021 Monetary Policy Report Quarter 2]. Bank Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bi.go.id/id/publikasi/laporan/Pages/Laporan-Kebijakan-Moneter-Triwulan-II-2021.aspx

    8. Boer, C., Schober, P., Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 126 (5), 1763-1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864

    9. Dedrick, J., Gibbs J., Kraemer, K. (2003). Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison. The Information Society, 19(1), 5-18. DOI: 10.1080/01972240309472

    10. Evans, M. (2021, January 19). Five E-Commerce Trends That Will Change Retail In 2021. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/

    11. Islamic Development Bank Institute. (2021). Reaching the SDGs: Progress of IsDB Member Countries. Islamic Development Bank Institute. https://irti.org

    12. Jayani, D. (2021, January 29). Nilai Transaksi E-Commerce Mencapai Rp 266,3 Triliun pada 2020. Katadata. https://databoks.katadata.co.id

    13. Kebonye, M., Olatokun, W. (2010). e-Commerce Technology Adoption by SMEs in Botswana e-Commerce Technology Adoption by SMEs in Botswana. International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Society. 8(1), 42 – 56. https://www.semanticscholar.org/

    14. Martinsons, M. G. (2008). Relationship-based e-commerce: theory and evidence from China. Information Systems Journal. 18, 331-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2008.00302.x

    15. Paquette, R. (2021, July 23). 3 Keys to Building an Ecommerce Business Designed for Growth. Entrepreneur. https://www.entrepreneur.com

    16. Rothman, K.J. (1990). No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology, 1:43-46.

    17. TIBCO Software Inc. (2018). Data Relationships Spearman R algorithm. TIBCO Spotfire Analyst User's Guide. TIBCO Software Inc. Retrieved from https://docs.tibco.com/pub/sfire-analyst/7.14.0/doc/html/en-US/TIB_sfire-analyst_UsersGuide/index.htm#t=dr%2Fdr_spearman_r_algorithm.htm

    18. Tran, L. (2021). Managing the Effectiveness of E-commerce Platforms in a Pandemic. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 58, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102287

    19. Zaied, A. (2012). Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in Egyptian SMEs. I.J. Information Engineering and Electronic Business. 3, 9-18. DOI: 10.5815/ijieeb.2012.03.02