Police and Hisbah: the status of urban Kano security management
List of Authors
  • Ali Ado Siro , P. Sundramoorthy

Keyword
  • Police, Hisbah, urban Kano, insecurity, security management

Abstract
  • Police and Hisbah organisations are currently saddled with providing security to urban Kano civilian populace. As the former is being conventional in security management, the later on the other hand is a specialised agency introduced to assist the implementation of Islamic Shari’a which followed the public agitation in the year 2000. In the contemporary times, both agencies work tirelessly in a collaborative effort to achieve maximum security which is traditionally unnoticed due to past enjoyed peace. This research aimed at explaining the contributions of these agencies in combatting the current security challenges. In-depth interviews were conducted with five respondents from each of the two organisations making the sample size ten respondents. The qualitative analyses revealed that, tremendous achievements were being realised. Albeit these successes, some major impediments affect the proper functioning of these agencies. These include, inadequate personnel, insufficient funding, lack of working tools, and corruption. On the other hand, external problems aggravating insecurity situation in the area include among other things, unemployment and poverty within the populace. Hence, to re-strengthen security, a lot need to be done. However, this task does not only lie in the hands of relevant authorities, but the entire population as a whole. Some mechanisms in addressing this issue were also suggested in the write up.

Reference
  • 1. Alemika, E. E.O & Chukwuma, I. C. (2003). Analysis of Police and Policing in Nigeria: A Desk study of the role of policing as Barrier to change or Driver of change in Nigeria .Lagos: Centre for Law Enforcement Education in Nigeria.
    2. Aremu, O. A., Pakes, F. & Johnston, L. (2011). The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence on the Reduction of Corruption in the Nigerian Police. International Journal of Police Practice and Research, 12(3), 195-208.
    3. Ayila, A. E., Oluseyi, F.O., & Anas, B.Y. (2014). Statistical Analysis of Urban Growth in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring Analysis, 2(2). Published online February 20, 2014. (http: //www. sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijema).doi:10.11648/j.ijema.201
    4. Blaikie, N. (2010). Designing Social Research: The Logic of Anticipation. Second Edition. Polity Press Inc, USA, pp 124-125.
    5. Blanco, L., & Ruiz, I. (2013). The Impact of Crime and Insecurity on Trust in Democracy and Institutions. American Economic Review, 103(3), 284-288. doi: 10.1257/aer.103.3.284.
    6. Bondi, L. (2014). Feeling insecure: a personal account in a psychoanalytic voice. Social & Cultural Geography, 15(3), 332-350. doi: 10.1080/14649365.2013.864783.
    7. Brook, D. J. (2010). What is Security: Defining through Knowledge categorization. Security Research Centre (SECAU) at Edith Cowan University. Security Journal, 23(1), 225-239.
    8. Central Bank of Nigeria (2013). Unemployment Statistics, Retrieved on 21st Jan 2014 at http://www.cenbank.nig.
    9. Downe-Wamboldt, D. (1992). Content Analysis: Methods, Applications and Issues; Heal care for Women International 313-321.
    10. Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) (2013c). Essential information on Nigeria, Kano and Urban Kano Populations. 2006 figure, 2011 and 2013 population projections. Accessed 11th March 2014, Available online at http://www.fbs.org.
    11. Good, K. (2010). Autocracy, insecurity and pre- modernity in Botswana. Common Wealth and Comparative politics, 48(3).doi:10.1080/14662043. 2010.492972.
    12. Goulas, E., & Zervoyianni, A. (2013). Economic growth and crime: does uncertainty matter? Applied Economics Letters, 20(5), 420-427. doi:10.1080/13504851.2012.709596.
    13. Henwood, K. L., & Pidgeon, N. F. (1993). Qualitative Research and Psychological Theorizing: in M. Hammersely (ed), Sociological Research: Philosophy, Politics, and Practice. London: Sage publiccations.
    14. Holmes, L. (2012). Corruption in Post-Soviet Russia: Global Change, Peace and Security: Formerly Pacific Review: Peace, Security and Global Change, 24(2), 235-250.doi: 10.1080/14781158.2012.678991.
    15. Idris, M. (2013). Corruption and Insecurity in Nigeria: Public Administration Research, 2(1), 2013. Canadian Centre of Science and Education. ISSN: 1927-517x E-ISSN 1927-5188.
    16. Institute of Economics & Peace (IEP) (2015). Global Peace Index: GPI Maps with Rankings and Scores, 2015. Retrieved on 5th May, 2015 from http://www.economicsandpeace.org.
    17. Jacques, S. & Allen, A. (2014). Drug Market Violence: Virtual Anarchy, Police Pressure, Predation and Retaliation. Criminal Justice Review, 1(3). doi: 10.1177/0734016814553266.
    18. Kano State Government Document (KSGD) (2014b). Raping Cases: Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development Document, January 2014.
    19. Koch, T. (1995). Interpretive Approaches in Nursing Researches: The Influence of Husserl and Heidegger, Advanced Nursing, 21(2), 827-836.
    20. Kodracki, N. L., Wellman, N. S. & Amundsen, D. R. (2002). Content Analysis: Review of Methods and their Applications in Nutrition; Nutrition Education Behaviour, 34(3), 224-230.
    21. Lauchs, M., Keast, R., & Yousefpour, N. (2011). Corrupt police networks: uncovering hidden relationship patterns, functions and roles. Policing and Society, 21(1), 110-127. doi:10.1080/10439463.2010.540656.
    22. Lynch, M. J. (2013). Re-examining political economy and crime and explaining the crime drop. Journal of Crime and Justice, 36(2), 248-262. doi:10.1080/0735648x.2012.752259.
    23. Makinde, T. (2013). Global Corruption and Governance in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(8). doi:10.5539/jsd.v6n8p108.
    24. NDLEA (2013). News Bulletin for the years of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Annual Report on Drug Consumption in Nigeria: An Assessment of States of the Federation.
    25. O’Brien, T. (2015). Human (In) Security and Democracy in Central America. Democracy and Security, 11(1), 44-59. doi:10.1080/17419166.2015.1006396.
    26. Oiler, C. J. (1982). The Phenomenological Approach in Nursing Research; Nursing Research 31(4), 178-181.
    27. Okechukwu, E. I. & Nkechi, O. A. (2013). Security Challenges and the Imperatives of State Police, a Journal of Review of Public Administration and Management, 4(2), 67-83.
    28. Orock, R. T. E. (2014). Crime, in/security and mob justice: the micro politics of sovereignty in Cameroon. Social Dynamics, 40(2), 408-428. doi: 10.1080/02533952.2014.94207 Reiner, R. (2000). The Politics of the Police, Oxford University Press, pp3. Semukhina, O. (2014). Unreported crimes, public dissatisfaction of police, and observed police misconduct in the Volgograd region, Russia: A research note. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 38(4), 305-325. doi: 10.1080/01924036.2013.872690.
    29. Slakmon, P. C. (2007). Micro-Governance and Citizen-based Security in Brazil. These presentee a la Faculte des etudes superieures envue de l’ obtention du grade de PhD, en science politique, November, 2007.
    30. Siegel, L. J. (2012). Criminology, Synopsis of Criminological Theories, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Wards worth, 20 Davis Drive, Belmont, CA 94002- 3098, USA, p13.
    31. Tong Po-sun, L. (2014). An overview of offender rehabilitation and crime prevention in Hong Kong. China Journal of Social Work, 7(1), 4-13. doi:10.1080/17525098.2014.884467.
    32. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (1994). Human Development Report, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p 21-23.
    33. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2012). World Drug Report 2012. Vienna, June, http://www. unodc.org/ document/ data-and-analysis/ WDR_2012_ web_ small. pdf.
    34. Wall, D. S. (2008). Cybercrime, media and insecurity: The shaping of public perceptions of cybercrime1. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 22(1-2), 45-63. doi: 10.1080/13600860801924907.