Battery Consumption of Electric Cars Over Malaysia’s Driving Cycle
List of Authors
Muhammad Umar Fitri Jamaludin, Zainab Asus
Keyword
Battery consumption, local driving cycle, EV, State-of-Charge (SOC), Simulink
Abstract
This study presents an intricate analysis of battery consumption characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs) under Malaysia’s driving conditions, focusing on the Malaysian Urban Driving Cycle (MUDC) and the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC). A simulation model was developed using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) formalism in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate the performance of two EVs available in Malaysia: Tesla Model Y and the BYD Atto 3. The analysis emphasizes how driving cycles influence state-of-charge (SOC) degradation, energy efficiency, and overall range. Results show that both cycles highlight distinct performance behaviors, where the MUDC reflects the stop-and-go dynamics of urban traffic and the CLTC provides a broader standard benchmark for vehicle range and energy use. Comparisons between the two vehicles reveal that differences in battery capacity, nominal voltage, and vehicle parameters significantly affect efficiency and consumption trends. By validating the model against both CLTC and MUDC, this study provides insights into the importance of tailoring EV evaluations to local driving conditions while still aligning with international test standards. These findings contribute to improving EV range prediction, supporting infrastructure planning, and enhancing the integration of sustainable transportation in Malaysia.