The execution of the R2P in conflict zones as by the 20th Century
List of Authors
  • Mohd Hedzri Omar , Noraini Zulkifli1

Keyword
  • Conflict Zone, Crime against humanity, International Community, Responsible to Protect (R2P), Violence

Abstract
  • The end of the 20 Century was marked by a change in the nature of armed conflicts. Internal conflicts replaced inter-state conflict and civilians now make up the vast majority of casualties. The emergence in many conflicts of non-state actors as the primary executors of large-scale violence demanded a strengthened international legal framework regarding state obligations to protect their civilian populations. The genocides in Cambodia, Rwanda and Bosnia, as well as crimes against humanity in Kosovo, East Timor and Darfur have demonstrated massive failures by the international community to prevent atrocities. After these failures, there was a recognized need to shift the debate about crisis prevention and response about the security of community and individual. Utilizing the qualitative approach, this research sought 1) to identify what is the Responsible to Protect (R2P), 2) to examine the implementation of R2P in conflict zones and 3) to analyse the effectiveness of R2P in conflict zones. The research findings are (1) the R2P is a physical manifestation of the international community’s determination to uphold its responsibility to protect men, women and children at risk of genocide, ethnic cleansing, war crimes and crimes against humanity, (2) the R2P theoretically is a legitimate good idea in ensuring that there is protection provided to the population, particularly those vulnerable and (3) the R2P is not bound by the relevant legal aspect, thus making its effectual implementation not as effective as it should be.

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