This study analyzed the physical fitness test data of students enrolled in the public aerobic elective course at Sichuan Technology and Business University, using statistical methods, aiming to optimize the aerobic course teaching plan. Results indicate significant gender differences in all physical fitness indicators except body mass index (BMI) (t = -1.23, P > 0.05). Male students' average pull-up count was significantly below standard, while female students demonstrated superior performance in vital capacity (t=-5.67, P<0.01), 50-meter sprint (t=4.32, P<0.01), and standing long jump (t=3.45, P<0.01). This indicates that female students possess distinct advantages in physiological strength, speed, explosive power, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Females outperformed males in sit-ups (t=2.1, P<0.05). Height showed a moderate positive correlation with lung capacity (r=0.45). Analysis of the test results shows that most indicators exceeded the requirements of the National Student Physical Fitness Standards (2014 Revised Edition). Furthermore, a moderate negative correlation was observed between the 50-meter sprint and standing long jump (r = -0.30), while moderate positive correlations existed between endurance running and speed tests (r=0.25), indicating intrinsic associations among different physical fitness indicators. Based on the above analysis, the following optimization recommendations are proposed for the public aerobic gymnastics elective course: First, in the application of teaching methods, policies for strength training and endurance training should be integrated. For female students, the focus should be on developing flexibility and core strength. Second, advanced online course resources should be created, aiming to promote student participation through extracurricular activities and competitions, fostering the concept of "teaching and competition integration." Third, conduct regular physical fitness monitoring with dynamic feedback, incorporating test results into course grades. Fourth, optimize instructional content organization based on physical fitness assessment metrics. This approach will foster coordinated development of teaching effectiveness and student physical health.