The Baba Nyonya embroidery patterns and Han Chinese embroidery patterns both carry with integral parts of the arts in Southeast Asia and China. They have evolved gradually throughout social and historical transformations, representing distinct ethnic embroidery crafts rooted in cultural origins, exchanges, and aesthetic preferences. Employing comparative analysis, this study reveals that there were similarities and differences between the two ethnic embroidery patterns in late 19th-early 20th century. By comparing the themes, composition, color combinations and embroidery techniques of both ethnic embroidery patterns during this period, it is found that there were similarities between the two ethnic groups because of their common cultural origins, traditional techniques and formal aesthetics of the patterns, as well as the influence and integration of cultural exchanges. There were differences between them due to various factors such as culture, region, usage and aesthetic preference. Comparing and analyzing the both embroidery patterns can help to understand how embroidery art in different cultural contexts influences and integrates with each other. The study sheds light on the relationship between Baba Nyonya embroidery patterns and Han Chinese traditional embroidery, presenting solid theoretical and historical research value, while also fostering international cultural exchange and fostering friendly relations .