Community farming, initiated by the government, aims to address food security challenges among low-income urban populations. With technological advancements, Smart Urban Farming (SUF) offers modern, space-efficient, and high-yield solutions through automation and precision agriculture, making it ideal for urban settings. However, farmers particularly those from Malaysia’s B40 income group, face difficulties in sustaining SUF projects due to limited financial literacy, poor management, and dependence on external support. These issues are often rooted in behavioural factors. To address this, the study aims to determine the B40 determinant behaviour in adopting SUF through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A total of 13 journal articles were selected following a structured four-phase review process and analysed using content analysis. Consequently, a conceptual framework was developed to illustrate the key behavioural determinants grouped into three domains: Perceived Support and Incentives (e.g., training, market access, advisory services), Perceived Internal Factors (e.g., planning, social networks, financial management), and Perceived External Factors (e.g., technology acceptance, innovation, and supportive policies). These determinants significantly influence the B40 community’s readiness, intention, and ability to adopt and sustain SUF. The framework provides a useful foundation for stakeholders, policymakers, and urban agriculture practitioners to develop more targeted, inclusive, and sustainable interventions that enhance food resilience and empower urban low-income communities.