Influence of light intensity on the growth and yield of blue ternate (Clitoria Sp.)
List of Authors
  • Lorelyn Joy N. Turnos

Keyword
  • light intensity, blue ternate, Clitoria

Abstract
  • The growth of a plant relies on a series of interactions involving the presence of sunlight. Photosynthesis enables plant metabolism processes to take place and provides the energy that fuels these processes. This research study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying light intensities on the seed germination, growth and productivity of blue ternate plants (Clitoria ternatea L.). This was conducted at the University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines from July 2019 to June 2020. This was carried out in Split Plot Design arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Factor A refers to the exposure of Clitoria to different light intensities (high – 18,000-45,000 lux; medium - 3,000-5,200 lux; low – 1,300-2,200 lux) and factor B refers to the methods of planting (directly planted in the field and potted in polyethylene bags). The production of Clitoria flowers was significantly influenced by the interaction of light intensity and planting method. Highest flower yield was recorded in plants grown in areas with high light intensity and were directly planted in the field. In terms of pod and seed production, higher light intensity resulted in higher yield; however, no significant difference was noted between direct field-planted and potted Clitoria plants. The study generally implies that capability of Clitoria plants to produce flowers and pods was significantly affected by light intensity, wherein exposure in higher light intensity resulted in more flowers, pods and seeds.

Reference
  • 1. Bargali, K. (1997). Leaf survival in relation to environmental stress, leaf and plant traits among Quercus leucotrichophora seedlings. Journal of Environmental Biology 18(4), 383-390.

    2. Barik, D. P., Naik, S. K., Mudgal, A. & Chand, P. K. (2007). Rapid plant regeneration through in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of butter-fly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) – a twinning legume, In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.- Plant, 43, 144-148.

    3. Chachalis, D. & Reddy, K. N. (2000). Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci. 48:212-6.

    4. Cook, B. G., Pengelly, B. C., Brown, S. D., Donnelly, J. L., Eagles, D. A., Franco, M. A., Hanson, J., Mullen, B. F., Partridge, I. J., Peters, M. & Schultze-Kraft, R. (2005). Tropical forages. CSIRO, DPI&F(Qld), CIAT and ILRI, Brisbane, Australia.

    5. Dapaah, H. K., McKenzie, B. A. & Hill, G. D. (1999). Effects of irrigation and sowing date on phenology and yield of pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand J. of Crop and Hort. Sci., 27: 297-305.

    6. Graham, P. H. & Ranalli, P. (1997). Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Field Crops Res., 53: 131-146.

    7. Kesumawati, E., Apriyatna, D., & Rahmawati, M. (2020). The effect of shading levels and varieties on the growth and yield of chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.). Article in IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science. 425:012080.

    8. Kurosaki, H. & Yumoto, S. (2003). Effects of Low Temperature and Shading During Flowering on the Yield Components in Soybeans. Article in Plant Production Science. 6(1):17-23.

    9. Lopez, J. C. 2021. Influence of light on crop growth. Influence of Light on Crop Growth |PROMIX Greenhouse Growing (pthorticulture.com)

    10. Manjula, P., Mohan, C. H., Sreekanth, D., Keerthi, B., & Devi, B. P. (2013). “Phytochemical Analysis of Clitoria ternatea Linn., A valuable Medicinal Plant” in Journal of The Indian Botanical Society, Vol. 92. No. 374 pp. 173-178.

    11. Mann, J. D. & Jaworski, E. G. (1970). Comparison of stresses which may limit soybean yields. Crio Sci. 10:620-624.

    12. Miles, A. & Brown, M. (2007). Teaching Organic Farming and Gardening: Resources for Instructors. Santa Cruz: University of California Farm and Garden.

    13. Nakano, H., Kobayashi, M., & Terauchi, T. (1998). Sensitive Stages to Heat Stress in Pod Setting of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Okinawa. Jpn. J. Trop. Agr. 42(2): 78-84.

    14. Peksen, E. (2007). Dynamics of flower appearance, flowering, pod and seed setting performance and their relations to seed yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Pakistan Journal of Botany 39(2):485-496 · April 2007

    15. Sengupta, U. K, Sirohi, G. S., Pokhriyal, T. C. & Kaim, N. S. (1977). Photoperiodic control of flowering in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Curr. Sci. 46: 271-272.

    16. Staples. (1992). Clitoria ternatea. Record from Proseabase. Mannetje, and Jones, R. M. (Editors). PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia.

    17. Tanaka, A., Fuijta, K. & Tanaka, Y. (1980). Effects of shading on nitrogen fixation and combined nitrogen absorption in soybean. Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutrition. 51(4):281-284.

    18. Wu, Y., Gong, W., Yang, F., Wang, X., Yong, T., and Yang, W. (2016). Responses to shade and subsequent recovery of soya bean in maize-soya bean relay strip intercropping. Plant Prod. Sci. 15, 1–9. doi: 10.1080/1343943X.2015.1128095

    19. Wu, Y., Gong, W., and Yang, W. (2017). Shade inhibits leaf size by controlling cell proliferation and enlargement in soybean. Sci. Rep. 7:9259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10026-5

    20. Yang, F., Liao, D., Wu, X., Gao, R., Fan, Y., Ali Raza, M., et al. (2017). Effect of aboveground and belowground interactions on the intercrop yields in maize-soybean relay intercropping systems. Field Crop Res. 203, 16–23. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.007

    21. Yang, F., Fan, Y., Wu, X., Cheng, Y., Liu, Q., Feng, L., et al. (2018a). Auxin-to-gibberellin ratio as a signal for light intensity and quality in regulating soybean growth and matter partitioning. Front. Plant. Sci. 9:56. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00056