This conceptual paper is developed to determine the effects of job design and self-efficacy on turnover intention among doctors in Algerian public hospitals. Additionally, this conceptual paper proposes to test career commitment as a moderator between the relationship between job design and self-efficacy towards turnover intention among doctors in Algeria due to the inconsistent findings of the relationship between job design and self-efficacy towards turnover intention. These inconsistent findings based on the empirical evidence do not permit such information to the existing literature; thereby, requiring further empirical exploration. This study refers to the Social Exchange Theory (SET) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to explain the relationship among all variables. Empirical evidence reported a significant effect of job design on employees’ turnover intention. Also, past authors presented significant effects of another variable such as self-efficacy on turnover intention. Not only that, the role of career commitment as a moderator is expected can enhance the relationship between the predictors (e.g., job design and self-efficacy) and the criterion (e.g., turnover intention) in this study. Furthermore, SET has been referred to explain the relationship between job design and turnover intention. Meanwhile, SCT has been used as a theory to explain the relationship between self-efficacy and turnover intention. At the end of this study, several actions can be proposed in order to let doctors can be retained the Algerian healthcare sector. By taking the appropriate actions in the aspects of job design and self-efficacy the level of turnover intention among the Algerian doctor can be decreased. Thus, this may help to solve the shortage of medical doctors in the country.