With the ongoing development of digital musical instruments and artificial intelligence, new opportunities are emerging to enhance the quality of music education and promote collaborative learning. Most existing digital musical instruments for music learning lack features such as adaptive feedback and didactic learning structures that support collaborative learning, thereby limiting the efficiency of collaborative learning with these instruments. AI functions such as perception, pattern recognition, and decision-making could be used to address these shortcomings. This article presents a theoretical position on integrating AI into digital instruments for collaborative music learning. Judging by the existing achievements in the field of digital musical instruments and the creation of music technologies based on artificial intelligence, the article identifies a key gap in contemporary instruments for encouraging collaborative learning. It also envisions AI-enhanced digital musical instruments, aligned with sound pedagogical concepts and ethical design principles, to provide more inclusive, responsive, and interactive digital environments for learning music together. Lastly, the article suggests two research paths: multi-user systems and culturally responsive AI design. By discussing the transformative potential of digital musical instruments, this article calls for a deeper exploration of how artificial intelligence can be integrated into them to enhance collaborative learning in music education.