Transformasi doktrin ketenteraan dan implikasinya terhadap keselamatan nasional Indonesia era reformasi (1998-2017)
List of Authors
  • Kushananto , Sity Daud

Keyword
  • Doktrin ketenteraan, era reformasi, keselamatan nasional, neoklasikal realism, transformasi

Abstract
  • Pada Era Reformasi, tentera Indonesia melakukan tiga kali transformasi doktrin. Doktrin ketenteraan sebelum reformasi ditetapkan pada masa Orde Baru memperkasa pelaksanaan dua peranan ketenteraan. Dalam perkembangannya, dua peranan ketenteraan tersebut telah menimbulkan penyimpangan hala terhadap sistem politik nasional dan menjejaskan profesionalisme tentera. Oleh itu, pada awal reformasi Indonesia mengalami peningkatan ancaman keselamatan nasional. Kajian ini membincangkan implikasi transformasi doktrin ketenteraan terhadap keselamatan nasional pada Era Reformasi. Kajian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melaksanakan temu bual semi terstruktur daripada sembilan orang informan terpilih. Data dianalisis melalui perspektif neoklasikal realism. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan doktrin ketenteraan mengalami transformasi dalam aspek organisasi, profesionalisme, perspektif ancaman dan pola operasi. Implementasi transformasi doktrin ketenteraan untuk mewujudkan keselamatan nasional ditentukan oleh persepsi kepimpinan nasional terhadap politik domestik, geopolitik serantau dan faktor sistemik serta dasar dalam pembinaan dan penggunaan ketenteraan. Kajian menyimpulkan bahawa transformasi doktrin ketenteraan sebagai bentuk penyesuaian terhadap perkembangan politik domestik, geopolitik kawasan dan faktor sistemik mampu mengembalikan stabiliti keselamatan nasional daripada pelbagai ancaman kedaulatan negara, keutuhan wilayah dan keselamatan bangsa

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