The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is creating profound changes in all aspects of socio-economic life, especially in the requirements for the quality and structure of the workforce. In this context, Education and Training (ET) plays a pivotal role in shaping and developing human resources with digital knowledge, skills, and innovation capacity. This paper analyzes the role of education and training in human resource development in the 4.0 era, points out the limitations and challenges within the current Vietnamese education system, and proposes solutions for fundamental and comprehensive ET renovation, digital transformation, faculty development, and the linkage mechanism between school – enterprise – State, contributing to improving the quality of human resources to meet the requirements for the country's rapid and sustainable development.