Teknologi pendorong kepada transformasi corak penulisan berita pilihan raya Malaysia
List of Authors
  • Mohd Zuwairi Mat Saad , Normah Mustaffa

Keyword
  • deskriptif, penafsiran, penulisan berita, wartawan, pilihan raya

Abstract
  • Berita memainkan peranan penting dalam penyampaian maklumat dari aspek sosial, ekonomi mahupun politik dengan menggunakan konsep asal corak penulisan berita pada awalnya. Kini corak penulisan telah mengalami transformasi. Secara global, perubahan corak penulisan berita telah lama berlaku di negara-negara barat sejak tahun 1930-an terutamanya berita yang berkaitan dengan pilihan raya yang membingkaikan isu-isu politik. Corak penulisan konvensional yang masih menjadi pegangan sehingga kini, wartawan menggunakan konsep deskriptif dengan memberi penekanan kepada 5W1H. Akan tetapi kini, pengkaji tempatan turut menemukan bahawa corak penulisan wartawan mula mengalami perubahan dengan memasukkan elemen-elemen interpretif seperti ‘menganalisis’, ‘menerangkan’ dan ‘menilai’ dalam corak penulisan berita di Malaysia. Malah penekanan bukan hanya terhadap isu akan tetapi pelaporan berita mengenai sosial, politik dan budaya lebih memberi penekanan kepada proses memaklumkan dan menerangkan sesuatu maklumat kepada khalayak. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan menumpukan kepada faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan corak penulisan ini berlaku. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah temu bual mendalam terhadap enam orang wartawan untuk menjawab persoalan kajian. Informan bagi temu bual bersemuka ini ialah pengamal media Malaysia iaitu wartawan akhbar cetak (Utusan Malaysia dan Berita Harian) daripada latar belakang, peranan yang berbeza dan berpengalaman dalam kewartawanan politik. Wartawan yang dipilih untuk kajian ini merupakan wartawan semasa atau bekas wartawan yang menulis artikel atau laporan berita mengenai isu semasa pilihan raya dari akhbar cetak merupakan informan kajian ini. Hasil kajian melalui temu bual mendalam menemukan bahawa perubahan corak penulisan adalah disebabkan faktor dalaman dan luaran dan melibatkan tujuh faktor secara keseluruhan. Tujuh faktor adalah seperti pengaruh corak pemberitaan, kepentingan organisasi, kemahiran wartawan, corak politik, corak pemikiran masyarakat, teknologi, kelahiran wartawan warga.

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