Corruption in Nigeria, characterised by bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism, remains a significant barrier to economic growth and effective governance; it distorts market mechanisms and increases poverty and inequality. Despite various anti-corruption reforms and the establishment of agencies like the EFCC, corruption persists due to political interference, weak institutional support, and a lack of accountability, hindering progress and exacerbating governance challenges. This study explores the role of anti-corruption measures in promoting economic discipline in Nigeria, examining their effectiveness and impact on governance and economic performance to address the systemic challenges posed by corruption. This study uses a qualitative research design, reviewing 30–50 scholarly articles, reports, and policy documents from 2008 to 2023 to explore the role of anti-corruption measures in promoting economic discipline in Nigeria. Data are analysed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and themes regarding the impact, challenges, and outcomes of anti-corruption efforts. Major findings from the review show that anti-corruption measures are key to enhancing governance, fostering development, and ensuring transparency. Also, Nigeria needs political commitment, strong institutions, and global cooperation to effectively combat corruption and reduce inequality. Similarly, the review highlights challenges to anti-corruption efforts in Nigeria, including political will, institutional weaknesses, and cultural attitudes, and calls for sustained commitment, legal reforms, and international cooperation to promote economic discipline and development. In conclusion, Nigeria's anti-corruption measures have positively impacted transparency and accountability, but challenges like a lack of political will, inadequate resources, and systemic corruption hinder their effectiveness. To improve outcomes, it recommends that the government commit politically, strengthen institutions, and promote public engagement while also addressing societal norms that normalise corruption.