A literature review of factors contributing to mathematics failure and a comprehensive approach in mathematics courses at Malaysian higher education institutions
List of Authors
  • Melati Sabtu , Salihah Zakaria

Keyword
  • Extrinsic, Intrinsic, Environmental, Mathematics Courses, Higher Education

Abstract
  • This study analyses the factors contributing to student failure in Mathematics courses at Malaysian Institutions of Higher Education through a comprehensive literature review. Three main categories of factors are identified: extrinsic (academic), intrinsic (student), and contextual (environmental) factors. Extrinsic factors include teaching quality, reference materials, and curriculum structure, while intrinsic factors involve students' attitudes, motivation, and basic skills. Contextual factors involve family background and learning environment. This study suggests a comprehensive approach that involves improving the quality of teaching, providing adequate academic support, and improving the learning environment. The results of this study are expected to provide guidance to improve student performance in Mathematics at the higher education level.

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