Sama-Badjao Halaw from South Ubian, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines from 2000-2018: Narratives
List of Authors
  • Astridin A. Bernado , Munap H. Hairulla

Keyword
  • halaw, Sama-Badjao, illegal migration, South Ubian, Tawi-Tawi

Abstract
  • Issues on Filipino migration are widespread across the world. But the most prevailing and crucial one is the migration among the Sama-Badjao people in South Ubian in the province of Tawi-Tawi or widely known as halaw issue. Sama-Badjao people illegally migrate to Sabah, Malaysia because of poverty and desire to give their children a better future. This study specifically seeks to answer the following queries: who are Sama-Badjao halaw? What are the factors that push them to migrate to Sabah? What are their experiences as halaw in Sabah, Malaysia? What are the effects of halaw to the socioeconomic condition of Sama-Badjao society in South Ubian, Tawi-Tawi? This study is qualitative, narrative and descriptive in design. Data were gathered through personal interviews using the researcher’s designed guide questionnaire and phone interviews. The travel documents and removal order from the Malaysian and Philippine governments of the identified key informants were presented to validate the halaw key informants’ personal information. The data show that Sama-Badjao halaw from the municipality of South Ubian easily entered Sabah without detection from both government authorities. However, while Sama-Badjao halaw work in Sabah, sacrificing for the sake of their families’ economic survival in the Philippines, many of them were apprehended and imprisoned by the Malaysian authorities. After spending months in Malaysian prison, they were deported to the Philippines. Anxiety and harsh punishments were among the indelible experiences of Sama-Badjao halaw under the Malaysian prison.

Reference
  • 1. Abdul, A. (2019, February 07). Personal experiences as halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 2. Abdulhari, A. (2019, February 05). Personal Experiences as Halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 3. Abdulkamo, A. (2018, 12 15). Personal Experinces. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 4. Abdulmin, A. (2019, March 03). Personal Interview as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 5. Albeten, B. P. (2018, December 15). Personal Expereinces as Halaw. (B. Astridin A, Interviewer) 6. Albeten, B. P. (2019, February 18). Personal Experiences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 7. Albeten, J. (2019, January 06). Personal Experiences as halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 8. Alerton, C. (2017). Impossible Children: Illegality and Excluded Belonging among Children of Migrants in Sabah, East Malaysia. Routhledge-Taylor & Francis Group. 9. Alipala, J. (2018, October). PCG Prepares for Deluge of Filipino Deportees from Malaysia. Retrieved from Inquirer.Net: https://www.google.com/amp/s/globalnation.inquirer.net/ 169725/pcg-prepares-deluge-filipino-deportees-malaysia/amp. 10. Alsid, R. (2019, January 30). Personal life experiences as halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 11. Aman, R. (2019, January 30). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 12. Aman, R. (2019, February 07). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 13. (2015). Annual Audit Report of South Ubian, Province of Tawi-Tawi-2015. Commission on Audit. 14. Aspani, A. (2018, November 10). Personal experiences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 15. Aspani, J. (2018, November 05). Life expereinces in Sabah as IC holder. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 16. Aspani, N. (2018, November 01). Personal life experinces in Sabah and in Tabawan. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 17. Banding, S. (2018, December 28). Personal experiences as woman halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 18. Basanun, M. (2019, February 03). Personal experiences as woman halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 19. Cabico, G. K. (2019, Janaury 9). Over 71,000 Filipinos Deported from Sabah since 2013. Retrieved from www.Philstar.com. 20. Frank, S. (2006, May). Project Mahathir: Xtraordinary Population Growth in Sabah. Kuala Lumpur. 21. Halim, A. M. (2019, 02 04). Experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 22. Imamil, Analyn A. (2016) halaw experiences: documentation (undergraduate thesis). MSU-TCTO. 23. Innacio-Esteban, M. A. (2000). The Dynamics of Illegal Migration-The Philppine-South Korea. 24. Ismoyal, W. (2019, January). Personal experiences as halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 25. Jaidur, A. H. (2019, 02 04). Personal Expericnes in Sabah as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 26. Jaidur, A. H. (2019, February 04). Personal Experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 27. Jarudin, N. (2019, January 30). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 28. Jarudin, N. (2019, January 30). Personal experiences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 29. Jilbih, M. (2019, February 12). Personal experiences as halaw in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 30. Jildon, A. H. (2019, February 4). Personal experences. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 31. Jula, B. (2019, January 29). Personal experiences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 32. Kassim, A. (2005). Cross-Border Movement of Foreign Workers in Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis. Retrieved from Citeseerx.ist.psu.edu: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/ summary?doi=10.1.1.506.3652. 33. Kassim, A. (2009). Filpino Refugees in Sabah: State Responses, Public Stereotypes and the Dilemma Over Their Future PDF. Kyoto University Research. 34. Kiptiani, R. (2018, December). Personal experiences as a trader. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 35. Lacson, N. (2018, September 19). Manila Bulletin News. Retrieved from news.mb.com.ph: https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/09/19/ph-should-be-prepared-to-handle-illegal-pinoys-deported-by-malaysia/. 36. Lakkian, Al-Nijal A. (2012) The Halaw Experiences from Malaysia (undergraduate thesis). MSU-TCTO. 37. Layug, M. (2018, September 08). GMA News Online. Retrieved from WWW.gmanetwork.com: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/news/667012/more-than-200-deportees-back-home-from-malaysia-under-amnesty-program/story?amp. 38. Manlupig, K. (2014, February 20). Rappler. Retrieved from amp.rappler.com: https://www.google .com/=amp/s/amp.rappler.com/nation/51074-filipinos-deported-sabah-malaysia. 39. Mohammad, A. (2019, February 7). Personal life experiences in Sabah as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 40. Oscar, J. (2019, Febraury 10). Personal life expereinces in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 41. Prof. Dr. Bagian, A. (2016). Changes in the Dimension of Life of Filipinos Deportees from Malaysia. Asian Social Work Journal. 42. Reyes, D. (2017, March 09). The Manila Times Online. Retrieved from www.manilatimes.net: https://www.manilatimes.net/filipinos-deported-malaysia/316361/. 43. Roalado, R. (2018, October 31). ABS-CBN. Retrieved from news.abs-cbn.com: https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/05/24/18/hundreds-of-undocumented-filipinos-return-from-malaysia. 44. Rocamora, J. A. (2018, August 10). Philippine News Agency RSS. Retrieved from www.pna.gov. ph: http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1044503. 45. Rock. (2019, January 30). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 46. Rubin, K. S. (2017). Women ‘halaws’ and ‘paguys’: Lived Experiences of Migrants in Irregular Situation. Academia. 47. Sabirul, M. (2019, Febraury 14). Life experiences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 48. Saga, A. (2019, February 02). Personal experiences as halaw. (B. Astridin A, Interviewer) 49. Salik, H. (2019, February 6). Personal exeriences in Sabah. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 50. Tajuhri, S. (2019, February 3). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 51. Taylor, J. (1999). International Migration. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12322077/. 52. Usman, N. (2019, February 20). Personal experiences as halaw. (A. A. Bernado, Interviewer) 53. Villamor, F. (2017, September 06). BenarNews. Retrieved from www.benarnews.org: https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/philippines-immigrants-0906201 7125845.html. 54. Viray, P. L. (2018, August 10). Philstar. Retrieved from www.philstar.com: https://www.philstar. com/headlines/2018/08/10/1841367/undocumented-filipinos-malaysia-urged-go-home.