Physical inactivity has emerged as a prevalent issue among college students, contributing significantly to the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in this population. The transition to college life frequently coincides with lifestyle changes that diminish physical activity levels, leading to an increase in sedentary behaviors. This review aims to explore the impact of insufficient physical activity on various CVD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, thereby highlighting the importance of promoting active lifestyles among young adults. Sedentary lifestyles contribute to obesity by reducing caloric expenditure, leading to excess fat accumulation. Lack of physical activity also impairs blood pressure control and lipid metabolism, resulting in hypertension and unfavorable cholesterol levels (elevated LDL, reduced HDL). Additionally, inactivity disrupts glucose metabolism, increasing insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Together, these factors decrease cardiorespiratory fitness and worsen cardiovascular health. So, physical inactivity significantly raises cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in college students. This review examines the mechanisms linking inactivity to CVD and suggests interventions, such as exercise programs, education, and campus-wide health initiatives, to promote student health.