Hybrid learning challenges and opportunities: Literature review in Chengdu's Universities, China
List of Authors
  • Muhammad Faizal A. Ghani , Zhenlin Wang

Keyword
  • hybrid learning, academic leaders, lecturers, challenges, opportunities

Abstract
  • Hybrid Learning, as an educational model that integrates traditional face-to-face teaching and online learning, has been widely used in Chinese university education in recent years. However, hybrid Learning also brings some challenges. There are deficiencies in lecturers, students and teaching equipment. The main purpose of this study was to explore the classroom management techniques used by university academic leaders and lecturers in hybrid learning, to describe the challenges and opportunities they face in managing university hybrid learning classrooms, and to analyse the specific strategies they have implemented to address these challenges. This study found that academic leaders and lecturers use a variety of classroom management techniques in hybrid learning, including the use of online teaching and learning platforms, the design and sharing of teaching and learning resources, and the facilitation of student interaction and feedback. Hybrid learning provides lecturers with a more flexible teaching environment, rich teaching resources and opportunities to promote personalized learning. The study summarizes the theoretical framework from the literature review and develops a conceptual framework from the theoretical framework.

Reference
  • 1. Alsharif, A. T., Alsharif, B., Alsharif, L., Althagafi, N., Natto, Z. S., & Kassim, S. (2020). Effectiveness of WhatsApp as a part of a hybrid Learning environment: An opportunity for post-COVID-19 pandemic pedagogy. J Contemp Dent Pract, 21, 1331-6.

    2. Bao, W. (2020). COVID‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human behavior and emerging technologies, 2(2), 113-115.

    3. Bashir, A., Bashir, S., Rana, K., Lambert, P., & Vernallis, A. (2021, August). Post-COVID-19 adaptations; the shifts towards online learning, hybrid course delivery and the implications for biosciences courses in the higher education setting. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6, p. 711619). Frontiers Media SA.

    4. Carius, A. C. (2020). Network education and hybrid Learning: Cyber university concept and higher education post COVID-19 pandemic. Research, Society and Development, 9(10), e8209109340-e8209109340.

    5. Cheng, X., Mo, W., & Duan, Y. (2023). Factors contributing to learning satisfaction with hybrid Learning teaching mode among higher education students in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 14.

    6. Chiu, T. K. (2022). School learning support for lecturer technology integration from a self-determination theory perspective. Educational technology research and development, 70(3), 931-949.

    7. Cui, Y., Ma, Z., Wang, L., Yang, A., Liu, Q., Kong, S., & Wang, H. (2023). A survey on big data-enabled innovative online education systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(1), 100295.

    8. Eyal, L., & Gil, E. (2022). Hybrid Learning spaces—A three-fold evolving perspective. In Hybrid Learning Spaces (pp. 11-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

    9. Fitzgerald, D. A., Scott, K. M., & Ryan, M. S. (2021). Hybrid and e-learning in pediatric education: harnessing lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. European journal of pediatrics, 1-6.

    10. Gamage, K. A., Jeyachandran, K., Dehideniya, S. C., Lambert, C. G., & Rennie, A. E. (2023). Online and Hybrid Learning Effects on Graduate Attributes: Opportunity or Cause for Concern?. Education Sciences, 13(2), 221.

    11. Hasanah, M. (2022). Hybrid Learning Management as a Strategy to Improve Learning Motivation in Higher Education. AL-TANZIM: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 490-500.

    12. Heng, K., & Sol, K. (2021). Online learning during COVID-19: Key challenges and suggestions to enhance effectiveness. Cambodian Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 3-16.

    13. Kaup, S., Jain, R., Shivalli, S., Pandey, S., & Kaup, S. (2020). Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of online teaching-learning. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 68(6), 1220.

    14. Lemay, D. J., Bazelais, P., & Doleck, T. (2021). Transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100130.

    15. Li, J. T. (2021). Research on the construction mechanism of "Gold Classroom" in universities based on dual-drive mode. Henan Social Sciences, 29(9),116-124.

    16. Li, S., Zhang, C., Liu, Q., & Tong, K. (2022). E-Learning during COVID-19: perspectives and experiences of the faculty and students. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1-11.

    17. Liu, H., Zhu, J., Duan, Y., Nie, Y., Deng, Z., Hong, X., ... & Liang, W. (2022). Development and students’ evaluation of a hybrid online and offline pedagogy for physical education theory curriculum in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational technology research and development, 1-20.

    18. Luo, W., Zhong, B. L., & Chiu, H. F. K. (2021). Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 30.

    19. Mikić, V., Ilić, M., Kopanja, L., & Vesin, B. (2022). Personalisation methods in e‐learning‐A literature review. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 30(6), 1931-1958.

    20. Mourtzis, D., Panopoulos, N., & Angelopoulos, J. (2022). A hybrid Learning factory model towards personalized education 4.0. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1-21.

    21. Muthuprasad, T., Aiswarya, S., Aditya, K. S., & Jha, G. K. (2021). Students’ perception and preference for online education in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Social sciences & humanities open, 3(1), 100101.

    22. Núñez-Canal, M., de Obesso, M. D. L. M., & Pérez-Rivero, C. A. (2022). New challenges in higher education: A study of the digital competence of educators in Covid times. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121270.

    23. Sriwichai, C. (2020). Students' Readiness and Problems in Learning English through Hybrid Learning Environment. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 6(1), 23-34.

    24. Su, F (2021). Research on the socialization of Academic Literacy of Foreign Language undergraduates in China, Beijing Foreign Studies University.

    25. Sun, G., Zheng, B., & Xiao, A. (2023). Exploring the internal and external push-pull factors influencing innovation outcomes in Chinese regional universities: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1-18.

    26. Tang, L., & Mahmoud, Q. H. (2021). A survey of machine learning-based solutions for phishing website detection. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction, 3(3), 672-694.

    27. Triyason, T., Tassanaviboon, A., & Kanthamanon, P. (2020). Hybrid classroom: Designing for the new normal after COVID-19 pandemic. In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on advances in information technology (pp. 1-8).

    28. Wang, C., & Zhao, H. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on anxiety in Chinese university students. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1168.

    29. Wang, C., Cheng, Z., Yue, X. G., & McAleer, M. (2020). Risk management of COVID-19 by universities in China. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(2), 36.

    30. Wut, T. M., & Xu, J. (2021). Person-to-person interactions in online classroom settings under the impact of COVID-19: a social presence theory perspective. Asia Pacific Education Review, 22(3), 371-383.

    31. Xu, L., & Tsai, S. B. (2021). The transformation of college students’ ideological and political education and learning analysis of education system by streaming media technology. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 1-11.

    32. Yan, Z., Chen, J., & Dai, H. (2022). Regional Practice of Educational Reform Based on School-to-the-Future Project in Chengdu City.

    33. Yang, G. (2022). A study on the application of digitized resources in English language teaching under a hybrid Learning model: exploration and reflection on online teaching in the context of the pandemic. Pacific International Journal, 5(1), 56-63.