Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM) for Sustainable Cultural Heritage Documentation
List of Authors
Halim Baharudin, Julia Md. Tukiran, Mohd Ghazali Harun, Muhamad ZharfanZaim Khalid, Nurfarihah Mohd Rozi, Rosmiza Wira
Keyword
Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM); Scan-to-BIM; Digital Heritage Documentation; Sustainability; Technology Management
Abstract
Buildings of cultural heritage are an essential resource that cannot be replaced, as they embody historical, cultural, and social values. The accurate and well-organised recording of these assemblages is a key factor in developing a conservation plan, implementing long-term management, and promoting sustainable development. Traditional heritage documentation methods, involving labour-intensive surveys and 2D representation techniques, are commonly fragmented, costly, and limited in their ability to show complex form and convey historical information. To address these constraints, a digital approach such as HBIM uses state-of-the-art measurement and acquisition technologies in combination with structured modelling. This paper provides a summary of the state of the art of HBIM as a technology-based framework for sustainable cultural heritage documentation, with specific attention to integrating TLS, UAV photogrammetry, and 360-degree virtual photography within a Scan-to-HBIM workflow. A case study conducted at Muzium Sungai Lembing, Pahang, Malaysia, is used to illustrate the implementation of this workflow. The results demonstrate that multiple digital technologies can be combined in an HBIM context to improve the quality of survey data and obtain a more complete dataset, thereby reducing the need for repeated site visits. From a sustainability perspective, HBIM supports long-term digital preservation and contributes to selected Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 4 (Quality Education). The research emphasizes the contribution of HBIM as a strategic asset for digitizing history for heritage management and seeds further inquiries into the SDG-centric implementation of digital heritage practices.