Menilai semula ‘kegagalan Islamisme’ berdasarkan sejarah dan perkembangannya di Turkiye
List of Authors
  • Muhammad Khalis Ibrahim

Keyword
  • The failure of Islamism thesis, Islamism in Turkey, AKP, post-Islamism, Olivier Roy

Abstract
  • Kajian-kajian mengenai Islamisme telah dilakukan oleh ramai pengkaji, antaranya oleh Olivier Roy mengenai ‘kegagalan Islamisme.’ Menurut Roy, gerakan-gerakan Islamis akan menuju kegagalan disebabkan kesukaran idea politik Islam yang didukung oleh mereka untuk diadaptasi dalam konteks politik semasa. Pandangan Roy ini turut dikongsi oleh beberapa pengkaji lain yang melihat kegagalan tersebut dari sudut-sudut yang berbeza. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai semula ‘kegagalan Islamisme.’Beberapa pandangan sarjana yang menyokong premis ini dirangkumkan sebagai ‘tesis kegagalan Islamisme’ dan dijadikan kerangka teori yang akan dinilai objektivitinya. Penilaian dilakukan berdasarkan sejarah dan perkembanganIslamisme di Turkiyekerana kemampuannya untukbertahan dalam kerangka sistem yang sekular, sekaligus masih dilihat sebagai model yang ideal untuk dicontohi.Tesis kegagalan Islamismemenggambarkan bahawaIslamis gagal untukberadaptasi dengan kemodenan dankonteks semasa,mengideologikanIslam demi tujuan politikdanmenghilangkan unsur spiritual pada Islam, memilih pendekatan ekstremuntuk mencapai matlamat mereka dan berpotensi untuk beralih kepada pasca Islamisme. Kajian ini menghujahkan bahawa tesis kegagalan Islamismetidak menggambarkan sepenuhnya Islamismedi Turkiye. Islamisme di Turkiye menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk beradaptasi dengan realiti semasa, lebih memfokuskan kepada politik perkhidmatan berbanding mengideologikan agama serta konsisten memilih pendekatan yang lunak dan tidak revolusioner. Walau bagaimanapun, peralihan kepada pasca Islamisme jelas tergambar pada Islamisme di Turkiye dengan mengambil kira sejarah dan perkembangannya.Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini berpandanganbahawa tesis kegagalan Islamismetidak terpakai dalam semua konteks. Islamisme di Turkiye menunjukkan bahawa Islamistidak menemui kegagalan, sebaliknya berjaya menyesuaikan diri dengankeadaan yang memerlukan penggeraknya untuk beradaptasi.

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