The pervasive integration of artificial intelligence across academic disciplines has underscored the need to understand evolving research trends in critical thinking within the Artificial Intelligence (AI) era. Despite growing interest, a comprehensive analysis of this domain is still lacking. This study employs bibliometric methods, following PRISMA guidelines and using VOSviewer, to examine the development of critical thinking research over the past decade in the context of AI. By analyzing 157 publications from Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI, we identify major contributing countries, influential authors, keyword co-occurrences, and emerging thematic clusters. The results reveal a shift from theoretical discussions to empirically grounded studies concerning AI-driven educational tools and ethical reasoning. This review not only maps the current intellectual structure but also highlights research gaps and practical implications, offering valuable guidance for future scholarly inquiry.