The urban visual design element influencing passengers' emotion to subway station
List of Authors
  • Mat Redhuan Samsudin, Noorlida Daud, Wang Yujue

Keyword
  • Subway, Urban Design, Passengers, Emotions, Visual Design Elements, Aesthetics, Spatial Organization, Environmental Psychology

Abstract
  • This research explores the correlation between urban visual design elements in subway stations and passengers' emotional experiences. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the research employs a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire survey, gathering responses from 723 participants in Xi'an subway stations. The study examines the influence of design elements such as Appearance, Style, Bulk, Massing, and Scale on emotions like comfort, satisfaction, and anxiety. Statistical analysis reveals that Scale is the most significant factor affecting passengers' emotions, followed by Bulk. The findings underscore the importance of spatial arrangement and aesthetic considerations in enhancing passengers' emotional well-being. The study contributes to the fields of environmental psychology and urban design by identifying key design elements that impact emotional responses. Practical implications suggest that subway stations should prioritize emotionally supportive designs to improve commuter experiences. Future research should investigate the role of cultural elements and expand the geographical scope to validate these findings across different urban environments.

Reference
  • 1. Aboulafia, A., & Bannon, L. J. (2004). Understanding affect in design: an outline conceptual framework. Theoretical issues in ergonomics science, 5(1), 4-15.

    2. Acheampong, R. A. (2021). Societal impacts of smart, digital platform mobility services—an empirical study and policy implications of passenger safety and security in ride-hailing. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(1), 302-314.

    3. Bhandari, U., Chang, K., & Neben, T. (2019). Understanding the impact of perceived visual aesthetics on user evaluations: An emotional perspective. Information & management, 56(1), 85-93.

    4. Chen, N., Zhao, M., Gao, K., & Zhao, J. (2020). The physiological experimental study on the effect of different color of safety signs on a virtual subway fire escape—An exploratory case study of zijing mountain subway station. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5903.

    5. Chen, Q. (2019). User experience and environmental graphic design. Improving design of Shenzhen north station.

    6. Chen, Y. H. S. (2006). Wayfinding recommendations for the navigation of Taipei's subway system through improved graphic design and sign design. Iowa State University.

    7. Cheung, M. C., Law, D., Yip, J., & Wong, C. W. (2019). Emotional responses to visual art and commercial stimuli: implications for creativity and aesthetics. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 14.

    8. Cochrane, T. (2009). Eight dimensions for the emotions. Social Science Information, 48(3), 379-420.

    9. Cochrane, T. (2019). The emotional mind: A control theory of affective states. Cambridge University Press.

    10. Cochrane, T., Srivastava, R., & Crotty, A. (2021). An Interview with Tom Cochrane. Washington University Review of Philosophy, 1, 34-40.

    11. Dahal, R. (2022). Urban Aesthetics and Streetscape–A Case of NGO Road in Narayangarh, Chitwan (Doctoral dissertation, IOE Pulchowk Campus).

    12. Dzedzickis, A., Kaklauskas, A., & Bucinskas, V. (2020). Human emotion recognition: Review of sensors and methods. Sensors, 20(3), 592.

    13. Gog, M. (2015). Case study research. International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, 4(9), 33-41.

    14. Hu, X., & Xu, L. (2023). How Guidance Signage Design Influences Passengers’ Wayfinding Performance in Metro Stations: Case Study of a Virtual Reality Experiment. Transportation research record, 2677(1), 1118-1129.

    15. Kim, J. E., & Park, E. S. (2021). The spatial design marketing strategy of global franchises that take into consideration the characteristics of modern consumers—A study involving the global coffee companies of starbucks and blue bottle. Land, 10(7), 716.

    16. Kim, W. J., & Lee, T. K. (2021). Psychophysiological response according to the greenness index of subway station space. Sensors, 21(13), 4360.

    17. Komninos, A. (2023a). Affect and design. The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/affect-and-design

    18. Komninos, A. (2023b). Emotion and design: Affect and design. The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/emotion-and-design-affect-and-design

    19. Lei, B., Xu, J., Li, M., Li, H., Li, J., Cao, Z., ... & Zhang, Y. (2019). Enhancing role of guiding signs setting in metro stations with incorporation of microscopic behavior of pedestrians. Sustainability, 11(21), 6109.

    20. Li, G., Han, C., Shen, J., Wang, X., Gu, T., Yang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2023). A Demographic Characteristics-Based Study on the Visual Impact Assessment of the External Form of Entrance Pavilions to the Underground Stations of China’s Subway. Applied Sciences, 13(6), 4030.

    21. Li, H., Xu, J., Zhang, X., & Ma, F. (2021). How Do Subway Signs Affect Pedestrians’ Wayfinding Behavior through Visual Short-Term Memory? Sustainability, 13(12), 6866.

    22. Magera, T., & Ermilov, N. (2023, May). Factors affecting the emotions of Moscow Metro passengers. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 402, p. 09016). EDP Sciences.

    23. Mork, R., Falkenberg, H. K., Fostervold, K. I., & Thorud, H. M. S. (2020). Discomfort glare and psychological stress during computer work: subjective responses and associations between neck pain and trapezius muscle blood flow. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 93, 29-42.

    24. Musselwhite, C., & Roberts, K. (2021). Accessibility and informational barriers to an age friendly railway. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 22(2), 114-129.

    25. Petit, O., Velasco, C., & Spence, C. (2019). Digital sensory marketing: Integrating new technologies into multisensory online experience. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 45(1), 42-61.

    26. Rasheed, M. (2019). Creating a safety lighting zone on the subway platformUsing light as an information giver.

    27. Roe, J., & McCay, L. (2021). Restorative Cities: Urban design for mental health and wellbeing. Bloomsbury Publishing.

    28. Saunders, M. N., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., & Bristow, A. (2015). Understanding research philosophy and approaches to theory development.

    29. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. H. I. L. I. P., & Thornhill, A. D. R. I. A. N. (2009). Research methods. Business Students 4th edition Pearson Education Limited, England, 6(3), 1-268.

    30. Shahhosseinib, S. A. H. (2021). The Relationship between Visual Preferences of Passengers in Subway Stations and the Interior Design of Their Space; Case Study: Tabriz Subway Stations.

    31. Shi, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Li, C., & Yuan, S. (2020). The effects of ambient illumination, color combination, sign height, and observation angle on the legibility of wayfinding signs in metro stations. Sustainability, 12(10), 4133.

    32. Smith, N., Foley, R., Georgiou, M., Tieges, Z., & Chastin, S. (2022). Urban Blue Spaces as Therapeutic Landscapes:“A Slice of Nature in the City”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15018.

    33. Stojanovski, T. (2020). Urban design and public transportation–public spaces, visual proximity and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Journal of Urban Design, 25(1), 134-154.

    34. Sun, J., & Li, Z. G. (2014). Study on Subway Public Art Based on Space Atmosphere-A Case Study of Xi'an Subway Public Art and Design. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 641, 658-661.

    35. Volo, S. (2021). The experience of emotion: Directions for tourism design. Annals of Tourism Research, 86, 103097.

    36. Wang, J. H., Yan, W. Y., Zhi, Y. R., & Jiang, J. C. (2016). Investigation of the panic psychology and behaviors of evacuation crowds in subway emergencies. Procedia Engineering, 135, 128-137.

    37. Wu, L., & Cui, X. (2021). Design Method of Subway Station Wall Decoration Based on Emotional Design Theory——Take the Exhibition Center Station of Suzhou Line 7 as an Example. In Advances in Industrial Design: Proceedings of the AHFE 2021 Virtual Conferences on Design for Inclusion, Affective and Pleasurable Design, Interdisciplinary Practice in Industrial Design, Kansei Engineering, and Human Factors for Apparel and Textile Engineering, July 25-29, 2021, USA (pp. 909-914). Springer International Publishing.

    38. Wu, Y., & Lehtonen, M. J. (2021, December). Inattentive in social, active in mind: VR-based design intervention for imagining desirable possibilities in the public space. In Congress of the International Association of Societies of Design Research (pp. 2771-2785). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.

    39. XU, W., MA, H., & BAI, N. (2018). The Influence of Spatial Vitality Around Subway Stations in Beijing on Pedestrians’ Emotion. In 13th International Symposium for Environment-Behavior Studies (EBRA) (pp. 268-274).

    40. Yang, L., Zhu, Y., Chatzimichailidou, M., & Liu, X. (2023). Assessing human emotional responses to the design of public spaces around subway stations: a human factors research. URBAN DESIGN International, 1-19.

    41. Yang, S., Liu, K., & Zhang, H. (2023, March). Effects of color temperature and lighting mode on visual and psychological perception of pedestrians in subway station. In Second International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Communication (EIECC 2022) (Vol. 12594, pp. 8-15). SPIE.

    42. Yang, Z., & Cho, J. (2019, July). Public Art Design in Subway Space Based on Emotional Appeal. In 4th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2019) (pp. 909-914). Atlantis Press.

    43. Yujue, W., & Samsudin, M. R. (2023). Research on Urban Subway Space Design Based on Regional Cultural Elements. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 5(1), 92-102.

    44. Zhang, L., Li, X., Li, C., & Zhang, T. (2022). Research on visual comfort of color environment based on the eye-tracking method in subway space. Journal of Building Engineering, 59, 105138.