Characteristics of Islamic social capital: Reflections on the Petatah Petitih of Sunan Gunung Jati
List of Authors
  • Akbar Nuur Purnama Darma Wahana , Sri Herianingrum

Keyword
  • Cirebon Society, Islamic Social Capital, Petatah Petitih, Sunan Gunung Jati

Abstract
  • Social capital is a unifier for individuals in society, including networks, norms, and social trust that can provide mutually beneficial collaboration to achieve common goals. This research proposes Islamic social capital theory to understand the characteristics of Islamic social capital possessed by the people of Cirebon. Phenomenology is used to determine Islamic values originating from the adage "ingsun titip tajug lan fakir miskin" which aims to increase community welfare as the primary goal and downstream of social capital. The process of in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study was used to sort out information regarding Islamic social capital, which includes relational, structural, and cognitive dimensions from the reflection of Sunan Gunung Jati's adage, which has a role in forming the characteristics of the Cirebon society which was then analyzed using NVivo 14. Research results show that the characteristics of Islamic social capital found in Cirebon society are from three dimensions of social capital, namely: 1) Relational Dimension; the community strictly obeys instructions from religious figures, the network of ties between social figures is closely intertwined, there is a belief in society that goodness will lead to goodness, 2) Structural Dimensions; mosque as a center for empowerment and improving community welfare, 3) Cognitive Dimension; instilling the values of mutual help, kindness, and honesty. Reflection on Sunan Gunung Jati's adage is an essential element in forming Islamic social capital in Cirebon society, which contains the following message: 1) maintaining the tajug or mosque as the center of civilization, center of religious, entrepreneurial and socio-cultural activities, 2) the mosque as the center of government and policy setting, 3) the mosque as the center of empowerment activities, 4) social concern and empathy to be maintained in society, 5) realizing a fair and prosperous developed Cirebon through the prosperity of mosques and sustainable mosque construction. The Islamic social capital formed in Cirebon is a unique combination of religious values and local traditions and strongly influences social norms in society.

Reference
  • 1. Acquaah, G. (2007). Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479707005728

    2. Afsari, A. (2012). Social Capital in Islam. Interdisciplinary Quranic Studies, 101–118.

    3. Alam Choudhury, M. (2002). Microenterprise Development Using Islamic Financing and Organizational Instruments. International Journal of Social Economics, 29(1/2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290210413029

    4. Bandur, A. (2016). Penelitian Kualitatif Metodelogi, Desain, dan Teknik Analisis Data dengan NVIVO 11 Plus. Mitra Wacana Media.

    5. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In: Richardson, J., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (J. G. Richardson, Ed.). Greenwood Press.

    6. Bourdieu, P. (1988). Homo Academicus (P. Collier, Trans). Stanford University Press.

    7. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

    8. Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120.

    9. Creswell W, J. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications Ltd.

    10. Creswell W, J. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications Ltd.

    11. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2009). Handbook of Qualitative Research. Pustaka Pelajar.

    12. Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and The Creation of Prosperity. The Free Press.

    13. Geertz, C. (1960). The Religion of Java. University of Chicago Press.

    14. Hassan, F. A. (2006). Islamic Social Capital and Networking. Humanomics, 22(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660610669400

    15. Hassan Farooqi, A. (2006). Islamic Social Capital and Networking. Humanomics, 22(2), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660610669400

    16. Hassan, M., & Markovic, M. (2014). Islamic Traditions and Comparative Religion. Routledge.

    17. Hefner, R. W. (1987). Islamizing Java? Religion and Politics in Rural East Java. The Journal of Asian Studies, 46(3), 533–554. https://doi.org/10.2307/2056898

    18. Kamarni, N. (2019). Peran dan Kontribusi Modal Sosial Islami dalam Program Pemerintah untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Berbasis Maqashid Syariah di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan Kabupaten Solok Sumatera Barat.

    19. Kistoro, H. C. A., & Sibarani, A. N. L. (2020). Relevansi Konsep Nilai Petatah Petitih Sunan Gunung Djati dalam Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam Al-Thariqah, 4(2), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.25299/al-thariqah.2019.vol4(2).4125

    20. Lombard, D. (1996). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Kajian Sejarah Terpadu, Bagian II: Jaringan Asia. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama & Ecole Francaise d’ Extreme Orient.

    21. Mintarti, N. (2003). Modal Sosial, Pembangunan Komunitas Madani dan Peran Amilin.

    22. Muniady, R. A., Mamun, A. Al, Mohamad, Mohd. R., Permarupan, P. Y., & Zainol, N. R. B. (2015). The Effect of Cognitive and Relational Social Capital on Structural Social Capital and Micro-Enterprise Performance. SAGE Open, 5(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015611187

    23. Neuman, W. (2006). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th Edition). Pearson.

    24. Pradita, L., Sumarlam, S., Sadhono, K., & Rohmadi, M. (2019, March 27). Traditional Expressions As a Reflection of Cirebon Socio-Cultural Life: A Case Study of Petatah-petitih Sunan Gunung Jati. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-12-2018.2282714

    25. Putnam, R. D. (1993). The Prosperous Community - Social Capital and Public Life. The American Prospect.

    26. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Proceedings of the 2000 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 357. https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

    27. Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200. Palgrave Macmilan.

    28. Subhan, S., & Sururi, A. (2021). The Philosophy Of Sunan Gunung Jati’s Petatah-Petitih: The Contributions To Kuwu Ethical Leadership In Cirebon Regency. IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya, 19(2), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v19i2.4702

    29. Sunardjo, U. (2003). Wayang dan Pengembangan Budaya. Sunan Kalijaga Press.

    30. Suryaman, E. (2015). Jalan Hidup Sunan Gunung Jati. Nuansa Cendekia.

    31. Tolsma, L. (2008). An “Islamised Australian way of life”: Developing an Islamic social capital framework. Re-Imagining Sociology, the Annual Conference of the Australian Sociological Association (TASA 2008), 1–18.

    32. Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital and Value Creation: The Role OF Intrafirm Networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41(4), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.2307/257085

    33. Uslaner, E. M. (1999). Democracy And Social Capital, in Mark E (Warren (ed)). Cambridge University Press.

    34. Yli‐Renko, H., Autio, E., & Sapienza, H. J. (2001). Social Capital, Knowledge Acquisition, and Knowledge Exploitation in Young Technology‐Based Firms. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6–7), 587–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.183

    35. Zhang, F., Peng, W., Yang, Y., Dai, W., & Song, J. (2019). A Novel Method for Identifying Essential Genes by Fusing Dynamic Protein–Protein Interactive Networks. Genes, 10(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10010031

    36. Zulfiningrum, R., Sumardjo, S., Saleh, A., & Agusta, I. (2019). COHERENCE AMONG THE SENSEMAKER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK RICE FARMING PROGRAM. In International Journal of Advanced Research in Education and Society (Vol. 1, Issue 2). http://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijares